PURPOSE The -1237T/C polymorphism of the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) gene has been implicated in the susceptibility of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but the results remain conflicting. We further investigated this association via meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiple electronic databases were extensively searched until February, 2015. The strength of association was evaluated by...

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune sensor for microbial DNA that erroneously responds to self DNA in autoimmune disease. To prevent autoimmune responses, Toll-like receptor 9 is excluded from the cell surface and silenced until the N-terminal half of the ectodomain (TLR9N) is cleaved off in the endolysosome. Truncated Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9C) senses ingested microbial DNA, alth...

recent reports have indicated different effects of immunostimulatory sequences containing cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) on various immune cells. however, the exact role of cpg-odn in the human gut is unclear. in the present study, we assessed potential effects of cpg-odn on non lymphoid cell (intestinal epithelial cell line ht-29) on a dose-response and time-course basis. intestinal epithelia...

Probiotics are live commensal microorganisms of the intestinal tract that confer multiple gastro-intestinal health benefits to the host. Yet, the exact mechanisms by which probiotics ameliorate experimental colitis in animals and human inflammatory bowel disease are largely unknown. We tested whether the attenuation of experimental colitis by live probiotic bacteria is mediated by Toll-like rec...