Aims. We measure the mass and kinematics of the massive molecular torus in the planetary nebula NGC 6302. The nebula is the proto-typical butterfly nebula. The origin of the wing-like morphology is disputed: determining the mass-loss history of the confining torus is an important step in understanding the formation of this structure. Methods. We performed submillimeter observations with JCMT an...

Oral tori are an enlargement of the osseous tissue in different parts of the upper and lower maxillaries. Oral tori were studied in a Spanish sample of 278 university students, from both sexes, and age between 18 and 39 years. Presence or absence and morphological variability (analysis of their location, degree of development, form, and symmetry) of the oral tori were the topics of this researc...

The dust clouds in the torus of the quasar are irradiated by the central source, and the clouds at the inner radius of the torus re-radiate mostly in the near-infrared (NIR) wavebands. The ratio of the near-infrared luminosity to the bolometric luminosity LNIR/Lbol can therefore reflect the torus geometry to some extent. We find a significant correlation between the ratio of the near-infrared l...

A geometrically thick dusty torus in NGC 1068 has been unambiguously resolved by an infrared interferometry telescope. This implies clouds composing the dusty torus are undergoing supersonic collisions with each other. We show that the collisions form strong non-relativistic shocks, which accelerate populations of relativistic electrons. Torus reprocesses emission from accretion disk into infra...

We introduce the notion of a multi-fan. It is a generalization of that of a fan in the theory of toric varieties in algebraic geometry. Roughly speaking a toric variety is an algebraic variety with an action of an algebraic torus of the same dimension as that of the variety, and a fan is a combinatorial object associated with the toric variety. Algebro-geometric properties of the toric variety ...