BACKGROUND Recent trends in fertility rates indicate declines in total fertility rate (TFR) in some sub-Saharan African countries. However, countries such as Uganda continue to have a persistently high TFR partly attributed to strong preferences for large family sizes. We explored the factors that influence fertility desire among married or cohabiting individuals in Rakai, a rural district in s...

Niger—with the world’s fastest growing population, its highest total fertility rate (TFR), a small and diminishing amount of arable land, low annual rainfall, a high level of malnutrition, extremely low levels of education, gross gender inequities and an uncertain future in the face of climate change—is the most extreme example of a catastrophe that is likely to overtake the Sahel. The policies...

Abortion was found to increase with contraception in some populations and decrease in other populations. The study investigated the reasons for this contradiction using selective measures limited by paucity of detailed data on abortion from the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System (DSS), Bangladesh, for the 1978-1998 period. A comparison of abortion, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), desir...

BACKGROUND Female smoking prevalence is dramatically lower in developing countries (3.1%) than developed countries (17.2%), whereas male smoking is similar (32% vs 30.1%). Low female smoking has been linked to high gender inequality. Alternatively, to protect their offspring from teratogenic substances, pregnant and lactating women appear to have evolved aversions to toxic plant substances like...

There is a concern about declining birth rates in both the developing and developed world (www.rand.org). Fertility rates tend to be higher in poorly resourced countries but due to high maternal and perinatal mortality, there is a reduction in birth rates. in developing countries children are needed as a labour force and to provide care for their parents in old age. in these countries, fertilit...

BACKGROUND Uganda has one of the highest total fertility rates (TFR) worldwide. We compared the effects of antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) to that of existing family planning (FP) use and estimated the burden of pediatric HIV disease due to unwanted fertility. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using the demographic software Spectrum...

Turkey has been experiencing significant fertility decline since the 1950s. Increasing mean ages at childbearing have accompanied this decline, thus studies regarding tempo effects are necessary for Turkey. The main aim of this study is to reveal the tempo distortions in recent period fertility in Turkey as a whole and for different sub-groups by using an adjustment procedure. A procedure by Bo...

Birth rate or fertility is one of the elements playing a role in determining population number and age structure an area. To maintain stable growth, it necessary to strive for total (TFR) around 2.1 children per woman. DKI Jakarta Province had reached this condition before 2000 period. But next period, there was increase ranging from 2.2 - 2.3 Fertility affected by various factors, including ma...

background during the last three decades, the total fertility rate (tfr) in iran has fallen considerably; from 6.5 per woman in 1983 to 1.89 in 2010. this paper analyzes the extent to which economic determinants at the micro and macro levels are associated with the number of children in iranian households.   methods household data from the 2010 household expenditure and income survey (heis) is ...

There have been important changes in the United Kingdom’s (UK) fertility and immigration in the past decade, with a large share contributed by migrants from Poland. A detailed understanding of Polish migrant fertility is lacking, however, because the relevant data are not routinely collected. This paper provides new insights into the fertility patterns of Polish migrants in the UK, and compares...