Protein binding prevents uremic toxins from removal by conventional extracorporeal therapies leading to accumulation in maintenance dialysis patients. Weakening of the protein binding may enhance the dialytic elimination of these toxins. In ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis experiments, different measures to modify the plasma binding affinity and capacity were tested: (i), increasing the...

Patients who have renal failure and are on dialysis therapy experience serious complications caused by low-molecular-weight uremic toxin proteins normally filtered by glomeruli and metabolized by proximal tubule cells (PTC). Dialysis-related amyloidosis is one such complication induced by systemic deposition of amyloid proteins derived from 12-kD beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-m). Despite the u...

introduction: widespread medical usage of botulinum toxins has increased the need for the precise analysis of its biological activity. the aim of this study was production and crystallization of the botulinum type a toxins. methods: in this study, clostridium botulinum was grown and inoculated into the tripticase soya broth culture media, under anaerobic condition and toxin production was monit...

Evidence is presented that endocytosis is involved in the transport to the cytosol of the cytotoxin from Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shiga toxin, which acts by removal of a single adenine residue in 28-S ribosomal RNA. Inhibition of endocytosis by ATP depletion of the cells prevented toxin uptake. Exposure of HeLa $3 and Vero cells to toxin at low extracellular pH, where translocation to the cytoso...

purpose: to report a case of bilateral kertatoconus who presented with acute comitant esotropia after penetrating keratoplasty in the fellow eye. patient and findings: a 17-year-old male with keratoconus underwent penetrating keratoplasty in his right eye. he experienced diplopia after removal of the patch from the operated eye 12 hour postoperatively due to esotropia in his left (unoperated) e...

Crystal (Cry) proteins made by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are pore-forming toxins that specifically target insects and nematodes and are used around the world to kill insect pests. To better understand how pore-forming toxins interact with their host, we have screened for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants that resist Cry protein intoxication. We find that Cry toxin resistance involves th...

t-2 toxin is the most poisonous trichothecene produced by fusarium species especially f.sporotrichioides . t-2 toxin is a biological contaminant in a number of agricultural commodities that can cause severe diseases among humans and animals and even lead to death. the aim of the current study is the analysis of t-2 mycotoxin in fusarium species by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) c...