This paper considers how vaccine technology to meet the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic can be made available increase production vaccines. Its primary focus is on trade secrets, which are one main intellectual property rights protecting complex manufacturing processes production. The compulsory licensing secrets presents some unique obstacles and consideration given practical solutions that mi...

This paper corrects Proposition 1 in Acemoglu and Robinson (2000). It shows that in addition to parts of the parameter space where the unique MPE is franchise extension and temporary redistribution, there is an intermediate part of the parameter space where the unique MPE is in mixed strategies. In this region, there is a positive probability of franchise extension, but also a revolution takes ...

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used to train computers to perform a variety of complex tasks and improve with experience. Computers learn how to recognize patterns, make unintended decisions, or react to a dynamic environment. Certain trained machines may be more effective than others because they are based on more suitable ML algorithms or because they were trained through superior train...

ideas, facts, knowledge, wisdom No legal rights Ideas reduced to practice Possibly patents, trade secrets, etc. Information Expression of ideas, creativity, etc. Possibly copyright, trademarks, trade secrets, etc. Data Representation e.g. in binary form No legal rights, but possibly technical protection, e.g. encryption Physical medium Embodiment Possibly property rights, technical protection F...