BACKGROUND Oral contraceptives are known to influence the risk of cancers of the female reproductive system. Evidence regarding the relationship between injectable contraceptives and these cancers is limited, especially in black South Africans, among whom injectable contraceptives are used more commonly than oral contraceptives. METHODS AND FINDINGS We analysed data from a South African hospi...

BACKGROUND Low-dose oral contraceptives are widely used, but there are limited data on the cerebrovascular risks associated with these medications. OBJECTIVE To determine whether use of low-dose oral contraceptives influences the risk for stroke. DESIGN Population-based case-control study. SETTING Women 18-44 years of age who resided in western Washington State between 1991 and 1995. PA...

BACKGROUND Pharmacy professionals, as the most available members of medical team, have an important role in educating patients about the effective and appropriate use of contraceptives. The purpose of this study was to assess pharmacy professionals' dispensing practice, knowledge, and attitude towards emergency contraceptives use in Gondar town, northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS An institution b...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate quantitatively articles that compared effects of second and third generation oral contraceptives on risk of venous thrombosis. DESIGN Meta-analysis. STUDIES Cohort and case-control studies assessing risk of venous thromboembolism among women using oral contraceptives before October 1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pooled adjusted odds ratios calculated by a general varian...

Background: In Burkina Faso, efforts have been made between 2010 and 2015 to address the low levels of contraceptive utilization. However, socio-cultural context in country still reinforces traditional gender roles, status for women, a strong desire larger families. The objectives this study are twofold: 1) analyze trends reversible modern prevalence, 2) identify factors influencing use contrac...

CONTEXT Few studies have used couple data to identify associations between individual- and relationship-level characteristics and contraceptive use in urban areas. METHODS Population-based survey data collected in 2010 in three Kenyan cities-Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu-were used to identify 883 couples. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine associations between relatio...

Fragile X premutations are known to be a risk factor for diminished ovarian function at a relatively young age. We studied endocrine profiles of female fragile X family members (n = 79) at risk of premature ovarian failure (POF). Of these 79 women aged <40 years, 45 had menstrual cycles, and 34 were using oral contraceptives. Of the women with menstrual cycles, the premutation carriers had high...

Mozambique has witnessed a climbing total fertility rate in the last 20 years. Nearly one-third of married women have an unmet need for family planning, but the supply of family planning services is not meeting the demand. This study aimed to explore the safety and effectiveness of training 2 cadres of community health workers-traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and agentes polivalentes element...

OBJECTIVES To explore perspectives of three modern contraceptive objects, using an emic approach, among women in a low-income community in Karachi, Pakistan. DESIGN A qualitative interview study design was employed, using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach and manual thematic coding. SETTING Shah Faisal Colony, Karachi. PARTICIPANTS 20 women, potential contraceptive u...

The incidence of ovarian neoplasms and functional ovarian cysts diagnosed at laparotomy or laparoscopy among the 17,000 women taking part in the Oxford Family Planning Association contraceptive study was investigated. Epithelial cancer of the ovary was only 25% as common among those who had ever taken oral contraceptives as those who had never done so (95% confidence interval 8% to 67%). There ...