The fast development of parallel platforms is demanding more parallelism in modern applications. However, the manipulation of mutual-excluded memory accesses is obstructing the way towards high productivity in parallel software development for shared memory system. Transactional Memory (TM) is a promising paradigm that helps abstract the complexity of concurrency while keeping the scalability. ...

Machine Translation (MT) has long been an unsolved problem and more so an interesting and engaging problem. MT deals with the translation of a sentence in a source language into a sentence in the target language preserving the meaning in its full detail. This requires the computer to encode the knowledge of both languages in a representation that can be used at runtime to translate a give input...

Although transactional memory (TM) is a promising approach for synchronizing shared-memory concurrent programs, it will not exist alone: real systems will provide a variety of synchronization mechanisms, and TM must interact properly with them. Therefore, a full specification for TM must specify how it interacts with nontransactional operations. One possibility is that there is no interaction: ...

Programming on a shared memory multiprocessor platforms in an efficient way is difficult as locked based synchronization limits the efficiency. Transactional memory (TM) is a promising approach in creating an abstraction layer for multi-threaded programming. However, the performance of TM is application-specific. In general, the configuration of a TM is divided into version management and confl...

This paper addresses automatic speech recognition (ASR) for multilingual audio contents, such as international conference recordings and broadcast news. For handling such contents efficiently, a simultaneous ASR is promising. Conventionally, ASR has been performed independently, namely, language by language, although multilingual speech, which consists of utterances in several languages represe...

Condition variables complement locks by allowing a program to specify the order of execution. They have been in use, largely unchanged, for three decades and have proved to be a robust and scalable synchronization mechanism. However, most transactional memory (TM) systems provide no complementary mechanism. While new synchronization constructs have been proposed for TM, it seems prudent to supp...

During the cotranslational integration of a nascent protein into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the transmembrane (TM) sequence moves out of an aqueous pore formed by Sec61alpha, TRAM, and other proteins and into the nonpolar lipid bilayer. Photocross-linking reveals that this movement involves the sequential passage of the TM domain through three different proteinaceous environments: one ...

The cellular translational machinery (TM) synthesizes proteins using exclusively L- or achiral aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs), despite the presence of D-amino acids in nature and their ability to be aminoacylated onto tRNAs by aa-tRNA synthetases. The ubiquity of L-amino acids in proteins has led to the hypothesis that D-amino acids are not substrates for the TM. Supporting this view, protein engin...

Weak memory models trade programmability for performance, while transactional memory (TM) aims for ease of programming, sometimes at a performance cost. The semantics of both have been studied in detail, but their combined semantics is not well understood. This is problematic because TM is currently available, either natively or via extensions, in widely-used architectures and languages such as...