Simple sulfonamide and amide derivatives of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (Tren) are known to promote the translocation or flip-flop of phosphatidylcholine, but not phosphatidylserine, across bilayer membranes. This paper describes the synthesis of a 300-member, spatially encoded library of Tren derivatives with appended peptide--sulfonamide and peptide--urea arms. The library was synthesized using t...

background: different studies show that chromosomal balance translocation in the parents can cause recurrent spontaneous abortions. incidence of chromosomal translocation abnormalities in couples with repeated abortions is from 0% to 31%. objective: the purpose of this research was studying the presence or absence of chromosomal abnormalities and heteromorphism in couples with recurrent abortio...

the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) tegument protein, vp22 has been reported to have the property of intercellular transport. the previous studies have shown that following expression of a fusion protein containing vp22 it spreads to every cell in a monolayer and concentrates in the nucleus. in spite of these reports, some studies have shown that vp22 trafficking and its nucleus accumulatio...

abstract nowadays, soil pollution with heavy metals has become a major problem which their accumulation in plants can directly or indirectly influence on animals and humans life. lead and cadmium are poisonous metals, with increasing the amount of these metals in environmental pollution; they will be increased in food chain significantly. in this research, three levels of cadmium (0, 100 and 20...

Chromosomal translocation is the most common form of chromosomal abnormality and is often associated with congenital genetic disorders, infertility, and cancers. The lack of cellular and animal models for chromosomal translocations, however, has hampered our ability to understand the underlying disease mechanisms and to develop new therapies. Here, we show that site-specific chromosomal translo...

It is generally assumed that preprotein substrates must be presented in an unfolded state to the bacterial Sec-translocase in order to be translocated. Here, we have examined the ability of the Sec-translocase to translocate folded preproteins. Tightly folded human cardiac Ig-like domain I27 fused to the C terminus of proOmpA is translocated efficiently by the Sec-translocase and the translocat...

RecG differs from most helicases acting on branched DNA in that it is thought to catalyze unwinding via translocation of a monomer on dsDNA, with a wedge domain facilitating strand separation. Conserved phenylalanines in the wedge are shown to be critical for DNA binding. When detached from the helicase domains, the wedge bound a Holliday junction with high affinity but failed to bind a replica...

Significance Ocean warming is causing repeated mass coral bleaching, leading to catastrophic losses of reefs worldwide. Our ability slow or revert this decline hampered by an incomplete understanding the processes underlying breakdown coral–algal symbiosis. Here, we show that heat stress destabilizes nutrient cycling between corals and their endosymbiotic algae long before bleaching becomes app...

The present study was designed to determine the efficiency of translocation of short polymers of arginine into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and to determine their effect on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Immunostaining revealed that heptamers of L-arginine (R7) rapidly translocated into the VSMC. This rapid transport was not observed with shorter polymers of L-arginine (R5) nor heptamers o...

The apparatus that permits protein translocation across the internal thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts is completely unknown, even though these membranes have been the subject of extensive biochemical analysis. We have used a genetic approach to characterize the translocation of Chlamydomonas cytochrome f, a chloroplast-encoded protein that spans the thylakoid once. Mutations in the hydrophob...