Classic approaches to the head and neck are well described in the surgical literature. These “external” or “open” approaches correspond to traditional anatomic dissections and are thus very familiar to head and neck surgeons. In contrast, the anatomy of the larynx and pharynx from a transoral robotic (TORS) standpoint must be approached from an “inside-out” perspective. Thorough knowledge of th...

Objective: Various pathologies can occur at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). Posterior decompression with occipitocervical fixation improve many of these conditions, but anterior is required in some cases. Anterior a CVJ lesion very difficult to perform. The transoral approach has been considered gold standard, it disadvantage deep and limited operative field, complications are associated th...

OBJECTIVES Eagle's syndrome is caused by an elongated or mineralised styloid process and characterised by facial and pharyngeal pain, odynophagia and dysphagia. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings. However radiologic imaging, like panoramic radiograph, helps to confirm the diagnosis. There are different treatments of the Eagle's syndrome. Anti-inflammatory medication (carbamazepime, cortico...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) has revolutionized the surgical treatment of malignant lesions of the oropharyngeal region. Recent studies have shown that this approach is a very safe procedure and can provide favorable clinical and functional outcomes with respect to traditional approaches. However, a small minority of patients who present with lesions amenable to TORS r...

AIMS To assess the role of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in managing failures of conventional transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in cases with difficult laryngeal exposure. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 3 patients with difficult laryngeal exposure treated with TORS. All 3 cases failed to be managed by conventional TLM after repeated attempts by experienced surgeons. In 2 cases, the ini...

INTRODUCTION Injection laryngoplasty (glottis augmentation) is the preferred method in surgical management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Traditionally, these procedures are performed in the operating room. Nowadays, however, these procedures have moved into the office. AIM To evaluate the voice quality after transoral injection laryngoplasty under local anaesthesia in patients wi...

BACKGROUND Recently, en bloc spondylectomy for upper cervical chordomas has been reported. Most authors utilize the combined approaches (e.g., transoral tumor resection with anterior column reconstruction and primary pharyngeal closure without up-front flap repair). However, the 60% incidence of posterior pharyngeal wall dehiscence delays oral intake, typically requires an additional surgery (e...

The technical advantages and possible indications for a transoral-transclival approach for low midline posterior circulation aneurysms are discussed. A case report using such a route is described. The prognosis of untreated vertebro-basilar aneurysms is briefly discussed.

Letter to the editor Considerations on " Endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniocervical junction: the importance of anterior C1 arch preservation or its reconstruction " * Considerazioni su " Approccio endoscopico endonasale alla cerniera craniocervicale: il ruolo della preservazione dell'arco anteriore di C1 o della sua ricostruzione " Dear Editor, i should like to make some comments of t...