OBJECTIVES Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have recently emerged as a component of the tobacco retail environment. The aims of this study were to describe the availability, types of ENDS and placement of ENDS relative to traditional tobacco products at franchised licensed tobacco retailers and non-franchised licensed tobacco retailers. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Franchi...

Transshipment in retailing is a practice where one outlet ships its excess inventory to another with shortages. By balancing inventories, transshipment can reduce waste and increase fill rate at the same time. In “Separation of Perishable Inventories Offline Retailing Through Transshipment,” Li, Yu, Du explore idea transshipping perishable goods fixed finite lifetime offline grocery retailing. ...

Pure-play online retailers have created pressure on traditional bricks-and-mortar retailers forcing many of them to move to a multi-channel business model to provide customers online storefronts in addition to local physical stores. Conventional wisdom suggests that online prices be lower than instore prices. This study investigates whether multi-channel retailers follow such clear-cut pricing ...

This paper presents an alternative model to deal with the problem of optimal energy consumption minimization of non-isothermal systems with variable inlet and outlet temperatures. The model is based on an implicit temperature ordering and the "transshipment model" proposed by Papoulias & Grossmann (1983). It is supplemented with a set of logical relationships related to the relative position of...

As competition from emerging economies such as China and India puts pressure on global supply chains and as new constraints emerge, it presents opportunities for approaches such as game theory for solving the transshipment problem. In this paper we use the well-known Shapley value concept from cooperative game theory as an approach to solve the transshipment problem for maintaining stable condi...

Drawing on the past literature on four retail service areas: content management, customer management, multi-channel management, and visitor traffic management, this research offers an empirical analysis of the relationships between these four service areas and the online sales performance of Web retailers. Using data from an independent source on the profiles as well as operational and sales pe...

INTRODUCTION The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act regulates the sales and marketing of tobacco products in the United States; poor adherence by tobacco retailers may reduce the effectiveness of the Act's provisions. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess whether and to which provisions retailers were adherent and 2) to examine differences in adherence by county, retaile...

An upstream manufacturer can use minimum resale price maintenance (RPM) to exclude potential competitors. RPM lets the incumbent manufacturer transfer profits to retailers. If entry is accommodated by retailers, upstream competition leads to fierce downstream competition and the breakdown of RPM. Thus, via RPM, retailers internalize the effect of accommodating entry on the incumbent’s profits. ...