The coconut oil, coconut water and palm kernel oil was administered orally at a dose of 400mg/kg body weight to white albino rats to check for some effect on biochemical parameters. Twenty (20) rats divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each. One group was treated with distilled water and feed only serving as control, second group was treated with coconut water only while the third grou...

Emerging contaminant in drinking water has created concerns among public, water supplier and government. Pharmaceutical in water and food even in low concentration have shown potential risks to human. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are among a set of the most prescribed drugs in the world. In this study raw water and treated drinking water from Latyan drinking water treatment facilities were analy...

Population’s exponential growth along with drought has increased water resources limitation, especially in arid and semi-arid area. Therefore, the use of non-conventional water is an important tool for water resource management. If unconventional water has no negative impact on soil properties and water, it can be used for irrigation coupled with desertification projects. So, this paper tries t...

Although reclaimed water for potable applications has many potential benefits, it poses concerns for chemical and microbial risks to consumers. We present a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) Monte Carlo framework to compare a de facto water reuse scenario (treated wastewater-impacted surface water) with four hypothetical Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) scenarios for Norovirus, Cryptospor...

Introduction: Lead toxicity induces retinal cell apoptosis. Vitamin C and garlic may decrease lead-induced apoptosis. This study was undertaken to investigate vitamin C and garlic protective effects on lead-induced apoptosis in eye retina. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 72) were divided randomly into 9 groups: (L) treated rats with lead acetate in drinking water and (L+AA) with leaded water...

The difference of reclaimed water qualities between in summer and in winter were proved considerable. Reclaimed water derived in spring or summer could be applied irrigating in some arid region, which have been considered a rational renewable resource of water. Yet in winter, reclaimed water would run off into river or stream in vain. The idea of storing it in winter and being ready for the nex...