Light-induced proton efflux of Anabaena variabilis was found to be biphasic, the second phase being inhibited by the ATPase inhibitor nitrofen (2,4-dichloro-1-[4-nitrophenoxy]benzene). The first, fast phase was triggered by monochromatic light of 707 nanometers, whereas the second, slower phase was not. With 707 nanometers, light, respiratory O(2) uptake was inhibited. Using light composed of t...

Cyanobacteria are fascinating and versatile group of bacteria which are of immense biological importance. They are unique photosynthetic prokaryotes with an oxygenic photosynthesis process. They possess an array of protective mechanism comprising of antioxidants to eliminate the damages caused by the reactive oxygen species. Blooms caused by cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in temple ponds, lakes a...

When Borrelia burgdorferi B31 low passage strain spirochetes were directly injected into the hemocoel of Dermacentor variabilis (Say) females, the bacteria were cleared from the hemocoel within < 24 h. Viable spirochetes were not found in hemolymph, salivary gland, or ovary tissues by subculturing or by IFA. The hemocyte population increased approximately 6 times within the first 6 h after inoc...

OBJECTIVES We evaluated the in vitro activity of posaconazole and amphotericin B against several clinical strains of the mucoralean fungus Apophysomyces variabilis, and their efficacy in a murine model of disseminated infection caused by that fungus. METHODS The in vitro susceptibility of seven strains of A. variabilis to posaconazole and amphotericin B was determined by using a broth microdi...

Chapiniella variabilis (Chapin, 1924), a strongylid nematode, was collected parasitizing the large intestine of the tortoises Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824) (Cc) and C. denticulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Cd) in the Zoobotanical Park of the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil. The taxonomic identification was based on morphological and morphometric features, using bright-field and...

The overstorey coniferous trees and understorey ericaceous dwarf shrubs of northern temperate and boreal forests have previously been considered to form mycorrhizas with taxonomically and functionally distinct groups of fungi. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Meliniomyces variabilis and Meliniomyces bicolor, isolated from Piceirhiza bicolorata ectomycorrhizas of pine, can function as ericoid...