The cyanogenic polymorphism in Trifolium repens is caused by the variation in two genes, the interaction of which produces four distinct cyanotypes. Along the Atlantic coasts of Bretagne, T. repens is sometimes found in populations mixed with the related species Trifolium occidentale, although the latter species usually occurs only in a narrow fringe along the coast, whereas T. repens is a more...

The incidence and toxicological characteristics of mycotoxigenic Fusarium were assessed in 24 proso millet samples collected from fields on Jeju Island, Korea. isolates the comprised F. asiaticum (19.5%), acuminatum (12.4%), graminearum (11.8%), incarnatum (10.7%), equiseti tricinctum (8.9%), 12 other species. contaminated with zearalenone (62.5%), deoxynivalenol (45.8%), nivalenol (41.7%) at m...

Lectins are non-immunogenic carbohydrate-recognizing proteins that bind to glycoproteins, glycolipids, or polysaccharides with high affinity and exhibit remarkable ability to agglutinate erythrocytes and other cells. In the present study, ten Fusarium species previously not explored for lectins were screened for the presence of lectin activity. Mycelial extracts of F. fujikuroi, F. beomiformii,...

Gloeostereum incarnatum, a precious edible mushroom, displays anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its immunomodulatory effect has not been studied yet. The present study aimed to investigate whether polysaccharide compositions of G. incarnatum polysaccharides (GIPS) possess immunomodulatory and immuno-enhancing effects in a Cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CTX)-induced BALB/c...

Brief Background: Red clover is a legume, which like soy contains "phytoestrogens" (plant-based compounds structurally similar to estradiol, capable of binding to estrogen receptors as an agonist or antagonist). Red clover was traditionally used to treat asthma, pertussis, cancer, and gout. In modern times, isoflavone extracts of red clover are most often used to treat menopausal symptoms, as a...

to study the physiological and morphological relationships of two clover species affected by herbicides, pursuit experiment in a factorial based on randomized completely design with 3 replications at the damavand in 2012. the first factor consisted of two species of trifolium pretense l. and trifolium alexandrinum l. and the second factor consisted of three levels of herbicide pursuit (0, 0.5, ...

This study evaluated the synergism between several P-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( Trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of Araxá apatite. Clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. The substrate was ferti...

How plant competition varies across environmental gradients has been a long debate among ecologists. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to determine the intensity and importance of competition for plants grown in changed environmental conditions. Festuca rubra and Trifolium pratense were grown in monoculture and in two- and/or three-species mixtures under three environmental treatments. T...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the causes and consequences of seedling herbivory for plant community composition are well understood, the mechanisms by which herbivores influence plant species recruitment to the established phase remain less clear. The aim was to examine how variation in the intensity of seedling herbivory interacts with growth-defence trade-offs and herbivore feeding preferences...