This document summarizes some of the OAM tools defined in the IETF in the context of IP unicast, MPLS, MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP), pseudowires, and Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL). This document focuses on tools for detecting and isolating failures in networks and for performance monitoring. Control and management aspects of OAM are outside the scope of this document....

Beyond its traditional function, phonology has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the gender marking of given names some Germanic languages. However, this significance not investigated for Semitic languages, including Arabic. Therefore, irrespective classical gender-identification approaches (i.e., familiarity, morphology, semantics, and pragmatics), present study examines whether ...

The Semantic Web contains an enormous amount of information in the form of knowledge bases. To make this information available to end-users many question answering (QA) systems over knowledge bases were created in the last years. Their goal is to enable users to access large amounts of structured data in the Semantic Web by bridging the gap between natural language and formal query languages li...

This document specifies a general channel mechanism for sending messages, such as Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) messages, between Routing Bridges (RBridges) and between RBridges and end stations in an RBridge campus through extensions to the Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) protocol. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to pro...

This paper hypothesizes that listeners who have been exposed to pitch continuum traditions of music, in which microtonal variations are a common occurrence, will have greater sensitivity to pitch changes as compared to listeners who have not. To test this hypothesis, two perceptual experiments are designed and performed in order to study the validity of the trill and glissando thresholds, repor...

This paper addresses the acoustic characteristics of pronouncing /r/ and number trills in healthy disordered cases. The study focuses on one type disorder; distortion due to functional reasons. Three kinds adults were investigated: approximate back distortion, trill retroflex alveolar distortion. Ten patients each kind participated study. These compared against participants who produced correct...