symphysis menti, the right side only measuring 4 inches. The mouth was in a very dirty condition, the whole of the gums being soft, spongy and very foetid. The teeth were covered with tartar and sordes, but no decay. The bony swelling extended to the centre of the floor of the mouth. Atone point opposite the first lower left bicuspid slight fluctuation could be felt. So on the 8th July 1 punctu...

INTRODUCTION Hepatic hydatid disease can be successfully treated by a variety of modalities. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 60 year old male with giant hepatic hydatid disease who presented with a huge cystic mass in the upper abdomen. Diagnosis was confirmed by serology, ultrasonography and CT scan. The patient was treated successfully by open minimally invasive surgery with minimum...

To make the endoscopic surgery more precise and more ac cessible computer enhanced surgical robot systems are introduced and accepted in the surgical community Present surgical robot systems un fortunately occupy a signi cant amount of space in operating rooms It sometimes prohibits surgeons from emergency access to the patient In this paper we propose a design of small occupancy robots for end...

A case of postvitrectomy hemorrhage with secondary glaucoma successfully treated with an office-based fluid to fluid exchange is described. A 25 Ga trocar was placed 3 mm from the sclerocorneal limbus at the 2 o'clock position and connected to a 250 cc elevated bottle of balanced salt solution (BSS) through an intravenous (IV) line and an infusion cannula. Afterward, a 25 Ga needle was inserted...

BACKGROUND The Veress needle (VN) technique for establishing pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery is widely used and yet is associated with slow insufflation rates and potentially life-threatening complications. Although these complications have been rarely reported, they represent a major source of morbidity and mortality from laparoscopic procedures and a major reason for conversion to op...

OBJECTIVE to report on the first liver resection performed on a human being by a transvaginal NOTES approach combined with minilaparoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS a sixty-one-year-old woman with a history of Wertheim s hysterectomy for endometrial carcinoma 10 years ago, and malignant melanoma correctly treated in 2006, had suspected segment-V liver metastasis near the gallbladder by CT-scan an...