Sexual differences in parental investment, predation pressure, and foraging efforts are common in nature and affect the trophic flow in food webs. Specifically, the sexual differences in predator and prey behavior change in trophic inflow and outflow, respectively, while those in parental investment alter the reproductive allocation of acquired resources in the population. Consequently, these f...

Characterizing relationships between individual body size and trophic niche position is essential for understanding how population and food-web dynamics are mediated by size-dependent trophic interactions. However, whether (and how) intraspecific size-trophic relationships (i.e., trophic ontogeny pattern at the population level) vary with time remains poorly understood. Using archival specimens...

Investigating the relations and mechanisms of coexistence among sympatric species is essential to comprehend their ecological roles in the food webs. In the present study, the diet and trophic interactions of 5 abundant teleost species coexisting in the northern Oman Sea were examined using stomach contents analyses. The cumulative prey curves showed that the sample size of each studied species...

It has been well established that the trophocytes, or nurse cells of heteropterous ovaries, contribute a variety of cytoplasmic components to the developing oocytes (Bonhag, 1958) . Hemipteran ovaries are of the telotrophic type in which the nurse cells are confined to the apical trophic-chamber of each ovariole and are connected to developing oocytes, during their early stages of differentiati...

Consumer trophic position 2 3 4 5 Im pa ct s on p rim ar y pr od uc tiv ity (p ro po rti on al c ha ng e) -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 40% consumption of lower trophic level a r t i c l e i n f o

IntraspeciWc diversity can inXuence the structure of associated communities, though whether litter-based and foliage-based arthropod communities respond to intraspeciWc diversity in similar ways remains unclear. In this study, we compared the eVects of host-plant genotype and genotypic diversity of the perennial plant, Solidago altissima, on the arthropod community associated with living plant ...

These impacts of fisheries have led, in the late 1990s, to a growing interest in "ecosystembased management" (see e.g. NRC, 1999). Moreover, though the full implications of such form of management continue to remain elusive, there is a growing understanding that ecosystembased management must consider and maintain the structuring role of large predators in marine food webs. The demonstration by...