The precipitation response to radiative forcing (RF) can be decomposed into a fast precipitation response (FPR), which depends on the atmospheric component of RF, and a slow response, which depends on surface temperature change. We present the first detailed climate model study of the FPR due to tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes. The FPR depends strongly on the altitude of ozone chan...

We have compared the 14-year record of satellite derived tropical tropospheric ozone columns (TTOC) from the NIMBUS–7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) to TTOC calculated by a chemistry-transport model (CTM). An objective measure of error, based on the zonal distribution of TTOC in the tropics, is applied to perform this comparison systematically. In addition, the sensitivity of the model...

The potential enhancement of tropospheric column ozone values over the Tropical Atlantic Ocean on a seasonal basis by lightning is investigated using satellite derived ozone data, TRMM lightning data, ozonesonde data and NCEP reanalysis during 1998–2001. Our results show that the number of lightning flashes in Africa and South America reach a maximum during September, October and November (SON)...

We use a three-dimensional chemical transport model to examine the shortwave radiative effects of clouds on the tropospheric ozone budget. In addition to looking at changes in global concentrations as previous studies have done, we examine changes in ozone chemical production and loss caused by clouds and how these vary in different parts of the troposphere. On a global scale, we find that clou...

Using historical observations and model simulations, we investigate ozone trends prior to the mid-1970s onset of halogen-induced ozone depletion. Though measurements are quite limited, an analysis based on multiple, independent data sets (direct and indirect) provides better constraints than any individual set of observations. We find that three data sets support an apparent long-term stratosph...

 Fitting a suitable covariance function for the correlation structure of spatial-temporal data requires de-trending the data. In this article, some potential models for spatial-temporal trend are presented. Eventually the best model will be announced for de-trending tropospheric ozone concentration data for the city of Tehran (Capital city of Iran). By using the selected trend model, some ...

We use a global chemical transport model (GEOSChem) to evaluate the consistency of satellite measurements of lightning flashes and ozone precursors with in situ measurements of tropical tropospheric ozone. The measurements are tropospheric O3, NO2, and HCHO columns from the GOME satellite instrument, lightning flashes from the OTD and LIS satellite instruments, profiles of O3, CO, and relative ...

[1] Global simulations of sea salt and mineral dust aerosols are integrated into a previously developed unified general circulation model (GCM), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM II0, that simulates coupled tropospheric ozone-NOxhydrocarbon chemistry and sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, primary organic carbon, and secondary organic carbon aerosols. The fully coupled ga...

The stratosphere-troposphere (ST) mode operation of the Indian mesospherestratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar provided evidence of multiple stable layer slxucmres near the tropopause and also of its "weakening" during late night hours on several occasions. Mass exchange can take place between the troposphere and the stratosphere during periods of such weakening. To examine whether there is any ...

This paper addresses the modeling and analysis of tropospheric ozone monitoring data for the assessment or "operational evaluation" of grid-based photochemical air quality model predictions. We first discuss general issues in the evaluation of gridded model predictions of pollutant concentrations against point field measurements and review currently recommended procedures for model evaluation. ...