In six experiments we demonstrate that the vertical-horizontal illusion that is evoked when viewing photographs and line drawings is relatively small, whereas the magnitude of this illusion when large objects are viewed is at least twice as great. Furthermore, we show that the illusion is due more to vertical overestimation than horizontal underestimation. The lack of a difference in vertical o...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to establish soft tissue cephalometric standards in Iranian adults based on NHP, which can be used in diagnosis of orthodontic and orthognathic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 46 individuals (24 males and 22 females) with normal occlusion and proportional facial profile were chosen from a large group of dental students. For the all of the chosen...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Lungeing is commonly used as part of standard lameness examinations in horses. Knowledge of how lungeing influences motion symmetry in sound horses is needed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the symmetry of vertical head and pelvic motion during lungeing in a large number of horses with symmetric motion during straight line evaluation....

Vertical scratches are common artifacts in digitized film sequences. Conventional scratch restoration methods assume that vertical scratches are linear and cover the entire height of frame. Little has studied in regard to detecting vertical non-linear scratches and using temporal relation in two consecutive frames. The proposed method makes use of line-shaped templates and projections to detect...

If a vertical line is surrounded by a tilted frame, it is typically perceived as being tilted in the opposite direction. This rod-and-frame illusion is thought to be driven by two distinct mechanisms. Large frames cause a distortion of the egocentric reference frame, with perceived vertical biased in the direction of the frame’s tilt (i.e., a visuovestibular effect). Small frames are thought to...

OBJECTIVES To assess the validity of the vertical tube-shift method using intraoral periapical radiography (IOPAR) for determining the relationship between the mandibular third molar roots and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) canal in comparison with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty impacted mandibular third molars were analyzed using the IOPAR vertical tube-...

The closer a line extends toward a surrounding frame, the longer it appears. This is known as a framing effect. Over 70 years ago, Teodor Künnapas demonstrated that the shape of the visual field itself can act as a frame to influence the perceived length of lines in the vertical-horizontal illusion. This illusion is typically created by having a vertical line rise from the center of a horizonta...