background and objectives: evidence shows that transfer of hospital governance to board of trustees can positively influence hospital performance. iran has initiated implementing such a transformation and a number of hospitals have been involved in this reform. this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of such a reform by examining performance profile of a sample hospital across the interve...

From von Solms and Naccache’s standpoint, constructing a practical and secure e-money system implies a proper regulation of its privacy level. Furthermore, when the system benefits from a widely connected communication network, tuning precisely this control for achieving efficiency without endangering security is a hard task. In order to solve this specific problem, we propose an e-cash scheme ...

It has a long tradition to study trust behavior among humans or artificial agents by investigating the game. Although previous studies based on evolutionary game theory have revealed that and trustworthiness can be promoted if network structure reputation is considered, they often assume interactions are one-shot investors do not consider investment environment before making decisions, which co...