Diagnosing concomitant transverse myelitis (TM) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can be challenging. We report a case of an elderly patient presenting with acute sensory and motor disturbances in the four limbs, associated with urinary retention, ophthalmoparesis, facial weakness, and dysarthria. Electrodiagnostic studies were consistent with acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), and ...

A 54-year-old woman with no medical history presented with left hemiparesis and hemianopsia. Brain MRI showed an extensive lesion without enhancement in the right parietal lobe, followed by rapid cavity formation (figure 1). Brain biopsy performed 55 days after disease onset revealed decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) immunoreactivity, though we could not show the ...

Atypical imaging features of multiple sclerosis lesions include size >2 cm, mass effect, oedema and/or ring enhancement. This constellation is often referred to as 'tumefactive multiple sclerosis'. Previous series emphasize their unifocal and clinically isolated nature, however, evolution of these lesions is not well defined. Biopsy may be required for diagnosis. We describe clinical and radiog...

Diabetic mastopathy is a rare fibroinflammatory breast disease characterized by lymphocytic lobulitis, ductitis, and perivasculitis with stromal fibrosis. This lesion often presents as a discretely palpable uni- or bilateral mass in long-standing type I diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. We report a case of insulin-dependent diabetic mastopathy, which presented clinically as an indetermina...

BACKGROUND Cystic masses in the posterior fossa are ominous appearing lesions with broad differential diagnosis. Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces (GTPS) are rarely occurring pathological findings in the posterior fossa with unclear etiology and ill-defined long-term prognosis. CASE DESCRIPTION We present a case of a 15-year-old male diagnosed with posterior fossa GTPS. The patient remain...

A 25-year-old man suffered from recurrent, mass-like, intracerebral lesions and was diagnosed with tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS). Both interferon β-1b and oral methotrexate (7.5 mg weekly) could not suppress frequent relapses, but he had been in remission for 8 months by the mitoxantrone treatment. At the age of 27, the patient developed a partial seizure. Brain MRI revealed a lesion in t...

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) are often misdiagnosed as brain tumors. To identify imaging characteristics of TDLs for their proper diagnosis, their differences from malignant gliomas, etc., were investigated based on 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy data that was obtained from 5 patients diagnosed with TDLs in our hospital. MRI displayed a paraventricular ...