After orthodontic treatment, brackets are debonded and residual adhesive is removed, causing iatrogenic enamel damage. The aim of this study was to review the methods of orthodontic adhesive removal, find clear evidence, and provide a rationale for this procedure. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Scopus, Cochrane, Google, and Google Scholar using keyword...

many efforts have been made to model the the hot deformation (dynamic recrystallization) flow curves of different materials. phenomenological constitutive models, physical-based constitutive models and artificial neural network (ann) models are the main methods used for this purpose. however, there is no report on the modeling of warm deformation (dynamic spheroidization) flow curves of any kin...

The present paper is concerned to the theoretical and experimental study of the growth kinetics of allotriomorphic ferrite in medium carbon vanadium-titanium microalloyed steel. A theoretical model is presented in this work to calculate the evolution of austenite-to-allotriomorphic ferrite transformation with time at a very wide temperature range. At temperatures above eutectoid temperature, wh...

Previous logCd-based K XRF bone lead measurement systems have used an annular source of “‘Cd mounted coaxially with, and in front of, a 16 mm diameter hyperpure germanium detector. To take advantage of the advent of larger volume detectors, the IogCd fluorescing source was redesigned to allow its positioning at the center of the I detector face. The redesigned source is a cylinder of external d...

GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (GTAW) is the quality weld process. It is preferred welding process for stainless steel, low alloy steel, nickel, cobalt, titanium, aluminum, copper, and magnesium. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process parameters on the quality of the weld bead. The process parameters Welding Current, Wire Diameter, Wire Feed Speed, Ratio of w...

In this research article a comprehensive investigation has been carried out to determine the effect of thermal cycle on temperature dependent process parameters developed during gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of high carbon (AISI 1090) steel butt joints. An experiment based thermal analysis has been performed to obtain the thermal history. We have focused on different thermophysical properties ...

Microalloyed steels containing copper in order to promote precipitation hardening are one of the approaches adopted to develop new materials with high mechanical strength but minimized carbon content to assure good weldability. Besides that, the thermomechanical processing of such alloys can eliminate the subsequent quench and tempering heat treatments required by conventional steels. The effec...

The erosion rates for hemispherical electrodes, 2.5 em in diameter, made of graphite, copper-graphite, brass, two types of copper-tungsten, and three types of stainless steel have been examined in a spark gap filled with air or nitrogen at one atmosphere. The electrodes were subjected to 50,000 unipolar pulses (25 )ls, 4-25 kA, 5-30 kV, 0.1-0.6 Coul/shot) at repetition rates ranging from 0.5 to...

On the basis of metallographic studies, authors determined characteristic defects grinding balls rolled from rejects continuously cast billets K76F rail steel. Relationship presence internal with their impact resistance was established. Defects in form cracks accumulations non-metallic inclusions area localization and flocks have greatest on reduction resistance. Such are cause destruction duri...