A wind-tunnel model was developed to study the two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer in adverse and favourable pressure gradients with out the effects of streamwise surface curvature. Experiments were performed at Mach 4 with an adiabatic wall, and mean flow measurements within the boundary layer were obtained. The data, when viewed in the velocity transformation suggested by Van Driest, sho...

This paper describes the design and the implementation of a smooth handoff scheme using IEEE802.11 triggers. The scheme is based on the idea of Post-Registration, a Layer 3 low latency handoff scheme proposed by the IETF. In order to avoid packet loss during Layer 2 handover (i.e. while the mobile node is searching for a new access point) and during the Mobile IP registration process, packets a...

Tunneling devices in combination with transistors offer a way to extend the performance of existing technologies by increasing circuit speed and decreasing static power dissipation. We have investigated Si-based tunnel diodes grown using molecular beam Ž . q q epitaxy MBE . The basic structure is a p layer formed by B delta doping, an undoped spacer layer, and an n layer formed by Ž . Sb delta ...

The free layer thickness tfree in double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions DMTJs based on crystalline MgO barriers and CoFeB ferromagnetic layers has been varied from 0.5 to 3.0 nm in order to investigate its effect on the magnetic and electrical properties. One obvious feature of DMTJs with tfree 1 nm is the absence of sharp free layer switching in the TMR curves, which can be explained by the...

MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions have been fabricated with a thin Co40Fe40B20 CoFeB layer in the pinned synthetic antiferromagnetic CoFe/Ru/CoFeB stack. An inverted tunneling magnetoresistance is observed due to the unbalanced synthetic antiferromagnet. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles form when the CoFeB layer is thinner than 1.5 nm, and an abnormal temperature dependence of the junction res...

Underground structures at shallow depths are often constructed for metro lines, either in loose or dense layered soils. Tunnelling in urban areas is predominantly under surface structures and on tunnelling, innumerable changes in the form of distortion take place in strata surrounding the tunnel. Extent of displacement/damage to buildings or the tunnel-soil structure interaction depends on the ...

An atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel was used to survey the variation in local wind conditions over a region of the Altamont Pass, California, containing two wind farms. Meteorological data combined with the wind tunnel results were used to predict the power output of the wind farms every half hour over a oneyear period from July 2001 to June 2002. It was observed that the power production...