Drainage pipe blockage resulting from crystals is one of the causes for cracking and leakage tunnel lining. Therefore, effective prevention drainage caused by crucial to ensure safety stability lining structures during operation system. Based on a large number indoor model tests numerical simulation analyses, binding energy between four materials calcium carbonate aqueous solution (“solid + liq...

considerations on the explosion resistant design of special infrastructures have increased in the recent years. amongst the various types of infrastructures, road and railway tunnels have a unique importance due to their vital role in connection routes in emergency conditions. in this study, the explosion effects of a projectile impacting on a railway tunnel located in a jointed rock medium has...

Abstract The measured swelling pressures against tunnel linings range between a fraction of one MPa and 6–7 MPa. A strong spatial heterogeneity is often observed. paper integrates these considerations into procedure to design in anhydritic formations. Three-dimensional effects proper consideration shown be consistent with monitoring data lining reinforcement stresses. calculation methodology il...