The problem of guided wave propagation in a wave guide with imperfectly reflecting boundaries arises in several applications, such as propagation in mine tunnels and in screened surface wave guides. In recent years, many studies have been carried out on the propagation characteristic of radio waves in tunnels in UHF band [1-2]. From the theoretical point of view, tunnels can be regarded as holl...

INTRODUCTION China's largest cities like Beijing and Shanghai have seen a sharp increase in subway network development as a result of the rapid urbanization in the last decade. The cities are still expanding their subway networks now, and many shield tunnels are being or will be constructed in close proximity to the existing operational subway tunnels. The execution plans for the new nearby shi...

In previous work, we developed a theory of tunnels of tunnel number 1 knots in S. It yields a parameterization in which each tunnel is described uniquely by a finite sequence of rational parameters and a finite sequence of 0’s and 1’s, that together encode a procedure for constructing the knot and tunnel. In this paper we calculate these invariants for all tunnels of torus knots.

Probabilistic methods of risk optimization are applied to specify the most effective arrangements of road tunnels. The total consequences of alternative arrangements are assessed using Bayesian networks supplemented by decision and utility nodes. It appears that the optimization may provide valuable information for a rational decision concerning number of escape routes. Discount rate seems to a...

Scabies and head lice infestation are two common parasitic infestations seen in children. Scabies in children can present with diffuse skin lesions and characteristic intraepidermal tunnels known as burrows. The causative mites of scabies live and move inside these tunnels. Intense pruritus is common with scabies. Head louse infestation presents with scalp pruritus, the presence of live lice, a...

Scabies and head lice infestation are two common parasitic infestations seen in children. Scabies in children can present with diffuse skin lesions and characteristic intraepidermal tunnels known as burrows. The causative mites of scabies live and move inside these tunnels. Intense pruritus is common with scabies. Head louse infestation presents with scalp pruritus, the presence of live lice, a...

Both a theoretical approach and measurements of channel characteristics have been carried out to determine the maximum capacity which can be expected when MIMO techniques are implemented in tunnels, and especially in subway tunnels. The influence of the position of the antennas inside the transmitting and the receiving arrays on the correlation between paths and on the singular values of the tr...