A brief review is given of the developments of mSUGRA and its extensions since the formulation of these models in 1982. Future directions and prospects are also

As Dickinson notes, brains have a remarkable capacity that differentiates them from other sorts of material substances: the ability to represent things intentionally. Although we often take this capacity for granted, it is no small feat that we are able to entertain the thoughts of a woman who has long since died. Many consider Dickinson to be a gifted poet, yet her ability to exploit the repre...

About two decades ago, cloning of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene materialized one of the most important actors on the scene of self-tolerance. Thymic transcription of genes encoding tissue-specific antigens (ts-ags) is activated by AIRE protein and embodies the essence of thymic self-representation. Pathogenic AIRE variants cause the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, which is a ra...

sexuality with refreshing frankness and in a straightforward style which is neither pompous nor full of jargon. Though based on journalistic work for television, it is probably more accurate than most scientific treatises on the subject. It is written for the layman, but there is scarcely anyone in the mental health professions who would not learn a good deal from it. It ought to be compulsory ...

so rarely met witH that a description of the following case is not without interest. AEuropean, aged 38, was admitted on the 4th February, 1929, with paresis of the left arm and leg. His previous history showed that he contracted syphilis in 1915, for which he was treated with a full course of murcury and galvarsan. In 1919 his Wasserman reaction was still positive and he had a further course j...

Every aspect of the accounting profession is being pervasively affected by advances in information technology (IT). IT shifts power from producers (such as accountants and auditors) to consumers (such as investors, creditors, and other information users). Present and potential users of accounting and auditing services have increasing needs for relevant, reliable, and timely information, and IT ...

A basic combinatorial interpretation of Shannon’s entropy function is via the “20 questions” game. This cooperative game is played by two players, Alice and Bob: Alice picks a distribution π over the numbers {1, . . . ,n}, and announces it to Bob. She then chooses a number x according to π , and Bob attempts to identify x using as few Yes/No queries as possible, on average. An optimal strategy ...

I continue to believe I have the best job in science. Since May 2012, I’ve been the Editor at Large for the JCI, and in this capacity, I’ve been the chief interviewer of those chosen for the series Conversations with Giants in Medicine. We’ve aired twentysix interviews with twenty-eight notable scientists in the 2.5 years that this series has been part of the JCI (Figure 1). In that time, I’ve ...

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play a central role in protein synthesis by covalently linking the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA (1). Each aminoacyl-tRNA is then carried to the ribosome where it interacts with the cognate trinucleotide codon on the mRNA and transfers the amino acid onto a growing polypeptide chain. Work on tRNAs and aminoacyltRNA synthetases from bacteria, fungi, plants, an...