in this article, thermal stability of beams made of functionally graded material (fgm) is considered. the derivations of equations are based on the one-dimensional theory of elasticity. the material properties vary continuously through the thickness direction. tanigawa's model for the variation of poisson's ratio, the modulus of shear stress, and the coefcient of thermal expansion is...

in this paper, finite element elastic contact analysis of a functionally graded (fg) hollow brake disk in contact with pad, subjected to rotation, contact pressure and frictional heat is presented. the material properties vary through the thickness according to a power-law characterised by a grading index, n. the material property is purely steel at the core part and gradually moves and approac...

Co-extrasion involves extrasion of multiple layers at the same time. Functionally graded materials comprising various layers with different properties can be produced through co-extrusion. Rheological control is vital for successful co-extrusion of layered cement-based materials. The paste flow in the barrel and the die land in a ram extruder should be plug-like, while the paste should be shear...