The major facilitator superfamily represents the largest group of secondary membrane transporters in the cell. Here we report the 3.3 angstrom resolution structure of a member of this superfamily, GlpT, which transports glycerol-3-phosphate into the cytoplasm and inorganic phosphate into the periplasm. The amino- and carboxyl-terminal halves of the protein exhibit a pseudo two-fold symmetry. Cl...

The genomes of the Tomato mosaic virus and many other plant and animal positive-strand RNA viruses of agronomic and medical importance encode superfamily 1 helicases. Although helicases play important roles in viral replication, the crystal structures of viral superfamily 1 helicases have not been determined. Here, we report the crystal structure of a fragment (S666 to Q1116) of the replication...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Expansins are plant cell wall loosening proteins important in a variety of physiological processes. They comprise a large superfamily of genes consisting of four families (EXPA, EXPB, EXLA and EXLB) whose evolutionary relationships have been well characterized in angiosperms, but not in basal land plants. This work attempts to connect the expansin superfamily in bryophytes w...

The protein sequence space is vast and diverse, spanning across different families. Biologically meaningful relationships exist between proteins at superfamily level. However, it is highly challenging to establish convincing relationships at the superfamily level by means of simple sequence searches. It is necessary to design a rigorous sequence search strategy to establish remote homology rela...

background and objectives: annexin is the common name for genes and proteins that were identified as calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. recently a more complex set of functions has been recognized for this superfamily of proteins including in vesicle trafficking, cell division, apoptosis, calcium signalling, mineralization, crystal nucleation inside the extracellular organelles-ma...

Abstract Measuring the dispersal ability of birds is particularly challenging and thus researchers have relied on extended use morphological proxies as surrogates for such ability. However, few studies tested relationship between other dispersal-related traits. In this study, we test most commonly used proxy dispersal—the Hand-Wing Index (HWI)—with traits highly associated with abilities, geogr...

CD22 is a B cell-restricted member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that functions as an adhesion receptor for leukocytes and erythrocytes. CD22 is unique among members of the Ig superfamily in that it has been suggested to bind a series of sialic acid-dependent ligands, potentially through different functional domains expressed by different splice variants of CD22. In this study, the epi...

Muroid rodents are the most species-rich superfamily of occurring in Argentina. Increased fieldwork with these mammals depicts need adequate keys to identify species on base external characters. In this contribution we provide three (one for families and subfamilies, another two Sigmodontinae Muridae, respectively) all known Cricetidae Muridae distributed Argentina (42 genera 110 species). addi...

In the α/β hydrolases superfamily, extra module modulated enzymatic activity, substrate specificity, and stability. The functional role of N-terminal extensional long α-helix (Ala2-Glu29, designated as NEL-helix) acting in arylesterase LggEst from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG had been systemically investigated by deletion mutagenesis, biochemical characterization, biophysical methods. NEL-he...