Motility of certain gram-negative bacteria is mediated by retraction of type IV pili surface filaments, which are essential for infectivity. The retraction is powered by a strong molecular motor protein, PilT, producing very high forces that exceed 100 pN (Maier, B., Potter, L., So, M., Seifert, H. S. and Sheetz, M. P., PNAS 99:16012 (2002)). In this paper we formulate a theoretical model for t...

Type IVa pili are protein filaments essential for virulence in many bacterial pathogens; they extend and retract from the surface of bacterial cells to pull the bacteria forward. The motor ATPase PilB powers pilus assembly. Here we report the structures of the core ATPase domains of Geobacter metallireducens PilB bound to ADP and the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, AMP-PNP, at 3.4 and 2.3 Å reso...

A novel approach of shape optimization to reduce pulsating torque components in spoke type permanent magnet motors is developed in this paper. This method is demonstrated on the iron pole shape optimization of an 8-pole/18-slot spoke type motor. The results of experiments show the effectiveness of the presented method.

Initially, linear motors have been particularly dedicated to transportation systems. Nowadays, linear motors are meant to replace a system using a rotating motor and a transmission to realize a linear movement. With linear motors the performances increase considerably since the mechanical limitations are removed. This leads to a better precision, a higher acceleration and a higher speed of the ...

It is predicted that the maximum speed of EV traction motors will increase in future due to reductions size and weight. The high-speed are required have high mechanical strength rotor for rotation, addition satisfying output efficiency wide operation area. Therefore, it necessary evaluate advantages disadvantages terms both electrical points view. In this research, three motor types, PMSM, SRM,...

Stator faults typically have a significant share amongst the common type of faults in industrial three-phase induction (asynchronous) motors. This paper presents a motor current signature analysis (MCSA)-based diagnostics of the stator winding short circuit fault. This type of fault happens due to the destruction of the turn insulation, and can be very detrimental causing motor shutdown. Instea...

Barrel-type structures are ubiquitous in industry and life. A novel construction platform of barrel-type is introduced, it involves a multi-motor system. The synchronous control multiple motors has great importance. To guarantee the high precision, stability, fast response for collaborative motors, this paper proposes cooperative strategy. Firstly, speed synchronization structure between perman...

Kinesin motors drive the long-distance anterograde transport of cellular components along microtubule tracks. Kinesin-dependent transport plays a critical role in neurogenesis and neuronal function due to the large distance separating the soma and nerve terminal. The fate of kinesin motors after delivery of their cargoes is unknown but has been postulated to involve degradation at the nerve ter...