Machine milking efficiency can be summarized as the recuperation of the maximum amount of milk in the shortest amount of time without causing harm to the udder and without any intervention by the milker. This is to say that once the teat cups have been placed on the dairy ewe, the milking machine should be able to quickly remove all of the secreted milk that has accumulated in the udder. Failur...

Udder cleft dermatitis (UCD) is a common skin problem in dairy cows, localized at the fore udder attachment or between halves. The main objectives of this study were to investigate spontaneous recovery from UCD longitudinal and treatment effect on topical spray containing chelated copper zinc an additional trial. Spontaneous was investigated during 1-yr which 7 Swedish herds visited 9 times eac...

the periodic trimming of the long hairs growing at the distal end of the tail -switch trimming- is humane alternative of tail docking. the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of switch trimming on somatic cell count (scc), california mastitis test (cmt) and udder cleanliness of lactating cows in a free-stall dairy farm. in the present study, 219 healthy, pregnant holstein cows ...

A total of 120 quarter milk samples from 30 clinically healthy dromedary camel from Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia were cultured to detect subclinical udder infection. The milk samples were screened by somatic cell count (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT). Gram-positive cocci were the dominant recovered udder pathogen. The mean value of SCC was 125,000 cells/ mm. Infected quarter had generally hig...

The objective of this study was to investigate associations freestall design and cleanliness with cow lying behavior, hygiene, lameness, risk new high somatic cell count (SCC). Cows from 18 commercial dairy herds (22 ± 15 cows/farm; mean SD) in Ontario, Canada, were enrolled a longitudinal study. Four hundred focal cows that <120 d milk, had no mastitis treatment the last 3 mo, an SCC <100,000 ...

The udder is a very big organ weighing, around 50 kg (including milk and blood). However, weights up to 100 kg have been reported. Therefore, the udder has to be very well attached to the skeleton and muscles. The median ligaments are composed of elastic fibrous tissue, while the lateral ligaments are composed of connective tissue with less elasticity. If the ligaments weaken the udder will bec...

It was established by Shaw and Knodt (I) that the normal lactating udder (in situ) of the cow utilizes almost 2 mg. of phydroxybutyric acid per 100 ml. of blood traversing the udder; it was calculated that this was sufficient to account for the short chain fatty acids of milk fat or for about 40 per cent of the oxygen consumption of the secreting gland if it were oxidized for energy purposes. L...

The relationship between type traits and longevity was studied in the French Holstein breed using a survival analysis model where the phenotypic value or the estimated genetic value of the cow for each type trait was included as a risk factor. This was done separately for two subpopulations (registered and non registered herds) and with or without adjustment for production traits, i.e., conside...