There is a novel range of steels under development, based on bainite forming at exceptionally low temperatures. The advantage of suppressing the transformation temperature is that incredibly fine platelets of bainitic ferrite are generated which are only 20–40 nm in thickness. This makes the steel strong and in combination with the austenite that is retained, gives a useful range of properties ...

New particle formation and growth events have been observed in several urban areas and are of concern due to their potential negative effects on human health. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the chemistry of ultrafine particles during the growth phase of the frequently observed nucleation events in Pittsburgh (approximately 100 events per year) and therefore infer the mechanis...

Dosimetry parameters such as deposition, clearance, retention, and translocation and dissolution of inhaled particles in and to different lung compartments may be important for the persistence of particles in the lung and may correlate with adverse pulmonary effects. We investigated such correlations using a model involving TiO2 particles of two particle sizes (20 nm diameter, ultrafine; 250 nm...

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies show that exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with asthma exacerbation. Ultrafine particles (diameter <100 nm) may contribute to these adverse effects. OBJECTIVE To investigate potential adjuvant activity of inhaled elemental carbon ultrafine particles (EC-UFPs) on allergic airway inflammation. METHODS The effects of ultrafine particle inhala...

The neutron irradiation response of a novel hot isostatically pressed SA508 Grade3 steel was studied, such to deduce any influence this unconventional RPV microstructure has on radiation response. In particular, the role elevated ferrite fraction investigated. Neutron conducted at 155 ± 10°C induce 0.1dpa damage, corresponded 2.53 0.63 GPa hardening for and 1.94 0.57 bainite as measured by nano...

This article describes work performed on the assessment of the levels of airborne ultrafine particles emitted in two welding processes metal-active gas (MAG) of carbon steel and friction-stir welding (FSW) of aluminium in terms of deposited area in alveolar tract of the lung using a nanoparticle surface area monitor analyser. The obtained results showed the dependence from process parameters on...

In this study, bulk ultrafine-grained and micro-crystalline cobalt was prepared using a combination of high-energy ball milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering. The average grain sizes of the ultrafine-grained and micro-crystalline materials were 200 nm and 1 μm, respectively. Mechanical properties such as the compressive yield strength, the ultimate compressive strength, the maximum comp...

a review on the microstructural evolution in magnesium alloys during severe plastic deformation waspresented. the challenges deserved to achieve ultrafine/ nanostructured magnesium were discussed.the characteristics of the processed materials are influenced by three main factors, including i)difficult processing at low temperatures, ii) high temperature processing and the occurrence ofdynamic r...

with careful design, mixed microstructures consisting of fine plates of upper bainitic ferrite separated by thinfilms of stable retained austenite have exhibited impressive combinations of strength and toughness in highsiliconbainitic steels. the silicon suppresses the precipitation of brittle cementite leading to an improvement intoughness. the essential principles governing the optimisation o...