The applicability of biological market theory with its emphasis on partner choice is explored using the interactions between the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus and its ‘client’ reef fish as a model system of mutualism. The cleaners have small territories, which the majority of reef fish species actively visit to invite inspection of their surface, gills and mouth. Clients benefit from the ...

Efficient removal of biofilms from medical devices is a big challenge in health care to avoid hospital-acquired infections, especially from delicate devices like flexible endoscopes, which cannot be reprocessed using harsh chemicals or high temperatures. Therefore, milder solutions such as enzymatic cleaners have to be used, which need to be carefully developed to ensure efficacious performance...

Residential wood combustion is an important source of ambient air pollution, accounting for over 25% of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions in Canada. In addition to these ambient contributions, wood smoke pollutants can enter the indoor environment directly when loading or stoking stoves, resulting in a high potential for human exposure. A study of the effectiveness of air cleaners at re...

ultrasonic machining (usm) is a mechanical material removal process used to erode holes and cavities in hard or brittle work pieces by using shaped tools, high-frequency and an abrasive slurry. this paper addresses the concept and development of an expert system (es) for hard and brittle material, such as glass, quartz, diamond, carbides, semi conducting materials, ceramic and graphite which ca...

In today’s operating environment many conventional cleaner circuits struggle to produce final grade concentrate with acceptable levels of non-sulfide gangue and/or penalty elements. This is primarily due to poor selectivity and the entrainment of gangue, and is further exacerbated by the processing of lower grade ores with more complex mineralogy that require finer grinding for liberation. In n...

The case is described of a 44 year old pharmacist who developed severe occupational asthma threatening his continued employment, confirmed by serial measurement of peak expiratory flow at home and work. The cause was found to be the cleaning agent used in his office when it was unoccupied. Bronchial challenge testing identified the specific agent to which he was sensitised as lauryl dimethyl be...

In this study, ZnO thin films were grown by the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. The SILAR method is a chemical solution-based consisting of 4 steps: solution, hot water, air deionized water. Our main goal to examine changes in production changing water parameter from these steps. It widely known that synthesis methods their relative parameters have crucial effect ...