BACKGROUND Ultrasonography with 20 MHz frequency can be used to estimate tumour thickness preoperatively in malignant melanoma (MM) of the skin. The vertical invasion depth is the single most important prognostic factor for localised MM, and its preoperative knowledge would be very useful for the planning of surgical procedures. Since ultrasonographic distance measurements directly depend upon ...

Ultrasound has been used effectively to assess body fat for nearly 5 decades, yet this method is not known as well as many other body composition techniques. The purpose of this review is to explain the technical principles of the ultrasound method, explain the procedures for taking a measurement and interpreting the results, evaluate the reliability and validity of this method for measuring su...

The role of ultrasound imaging in urogynecology is not clearly defined. Despite significant developments in visualization techniques and interpretation of images, pelvic ultrasound is still more a tool for research than for clinical practice. Structures of the lower genitourinary tract and pelvic floor can be visualized from different approaches: transperineal, introital, transvaginal, abdomina...

background: pulse wave velocity (pwv) is widely used for estimating the stiffness of an artery. v arious invasive and non-invasive methods have been developed to determine pwv over the years. in the present research , the non-invasive estimation of the pwv of large arteries was used as an index for arterial stiffness. methods: a dynamic model based on the navier-stokes equations coupled to elas...

(1) Approximately three in every four fetuses with Down syndrome have increased nuchal translucency (NT), which is a larger than normal build-up of fluid at the back of the neck. (2) The ultrasound measurement of NT between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation, in combination with the mother's age and the levels of placental biochemical markers in her blood, can be used to detect approximately 84% of fet...

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Germany. A long-term blood pressure measurement is crucial to identify hypertension which can lead to cardiovascular disease. Conventional techniques use the automatic arm cuff method which is painful and provides only intermittent results. A new method for continuous measurement is developed using a DOPPLER ultrasound sensor on a superfici...

In a specially designed radiation force balance (RFB), low-frequency pulse modulation of the incident ultrasound allows high-accuracy measurement of time-averaged spatially-integrated ultrasound power radiated into a reflectionless water load. Errors characteristic of force sensors are precluded by operating the RFB as a force comparator, without directly measuring force. Equipped with purpose-...

stress and residual stress are the main problems in the operating performance of materials. they are the principal causes of material failure and can affect life time of component. however measurement or predictions of them are typically difficult. two common non-destructive methods, x-ray diffraction and ultrasound are not reliable methods for subsurface residual stress measurements and destru...

Monitoring spinal curvature in adolescent kyphoscoliosis requires regular radiographic examinations; however, the applied ionizing radiation increases the risk of cancer. Ultrasound imaging is favored over radiography because it does not emit ionizing radiation. Therefore, we tested an ultrasound system for spinal curvature measurement, with the help of spatial tracking of the ultrasound transd...

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been successfully used to guide the implantation of stents in the thoracic aorta. However, its accuracy in measuring the diameter of the aortic lumen has not been clearly established. Thirteen patients with thoracic aortic disease underwent IVUS, and lumen diameter measurements were compared with those obtained by CT or magnetic resonance imaging. A total of ...