While many laboratory and field studies show that zooplankton are negatively affected when exposed to high intensities of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), most studies also indicate that zooplankton are well adapted to cope with large variations in their UVR exposure in the pelagic zone of lakes. The response mechanisms of zooplankton are diverse and efficient and may explain the success and richne...

Natural selection shapes behaviour in all organisms, but this is difficult to study in small, millimetre-sized, organisms. With novel labelling and tracking techniques, based on nanotechnology, we here show how behaviour in zooplankton (Daphnia magna) is affected by size, morphology and previous exposure to detrimental ultraviolet radiation (UVR). All individuals responded with immediate downwa...

Skin cancers are one of the most common types cancer in United States [1], and melanoma has steadily increased over last 20 years. Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known as main cause damaging effects to skin [2], yet also preventable risk factor. Outdoor physical activity, an important health behavior, exposes body UVR thus ostensibly linked increases sunburn, melanoma, non-melanoma [3], [...

Sunlight emits a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that includes ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths. It is widely accepted that the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) component is responsible for the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of sunlight. UVR is further subdivided into three wavelength ranges: UVC (100-280 nm), UVB (280-315 nm) and UVA (315-400 nm) and each of these induce dif...

Compulsive tanning despite awareness of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) carcinogenicity may represent an "addictive" behavior. Many addictive disorders are associated with alterations in dopamine (D2/D3) receptor binding and dopamine reactivity in the brain's reward pathway. To determine if compulsive tanners exhibited neurobiologic responses similar to other addictive disorders, this study assesse...

Our laboratory has shown that arsenite markedly increased the cancer rate caused by solar-simulation ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the hairless mouse skin model. In the present study, we investigated how arsenite affected DNA photodamage repair and apoptosis after solar-simulation UVR in the mouse keratinocyte cell line 291.03C. The keratinocytes were treated with different concentrations of s...

The consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to the prevention treatment chronic–degenerative diseases due presence secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical activity. Most these metabolites, also known as nutraceuticals, are present in low concentrations plant tissue. Therefore, improve health benefits horticultural crops, it necessary increase their nutraceutical content before reachin...

We tested whether mixotrophic ciliates are more resistant to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than heterotrophic ones because symbiotic algae can provide self-shading by cell matter absorption and eventually by direct UV screening from mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Sensitivity of a natural assemblage to solar radiation was tested in experiments in the original lake and in a more UV tran...

Abstract Solar radiation varies quantitatively and qualitatively while penetrating through the seawater column thus is one of most important environmental factors shaping vertical distribution pattern phytoplankton. The haploid diploid life-cycle phases coccolithophores might have different preferences. Therefore, two respond differently to high solar photosynthetically active (PAR, 400–700 nm)...

doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00538.x The light-induced de-epoxidation of xanthophylls is an important photoprotective mechanism in plants and algae. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) can change the extent of xanthophyll de-epoxidation, but different types of responses have been reported. The de-epoxidation of violaxanthin (V) to zeaxanthin (Z), via the intermediate antheraxan...