the underground temperature at a depth of about three to four meters is almost constant during the year. as a result in summer the underground is cooler than the ambient temperature. this potential is considered for greenhouse cooling by using an earth-to-air heat exchanger (eahe). in this research the effects of two parameters were investigated: a) the area of greenhouse in three levels of 9, ...

A Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN) is a network of wireless sensor devices in which all sensor devices are deployed completely underground (network sinks or any devices specifically for relay between sensors and a sink may be aboveground). These networks can be utilized to monitor the underground environment, especially soil conditions and aboveground events, such as the presence of p...

Underground rock dynamic disasters are becoming more severe due to the increasing depth of human operations underground. temperature and pressure conditions contribute significantly these disasters. Therefore, it is important understand coupled thermo-mechanical (TM) behaviour rocks for long-term safety maintenance underground tunnelling mining. Moreover, investigation damage, strength failure ...

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) can enable many important applications such as intelligent agriculture, pipeline fault diagnosis, mine disaster rescue, concealed border patrol, crude oil exploration, among others. The key challenge to realize WUSNs is the wireless communication in underground environments. Most existing wireless communication systems utilize the dipole antenna to t...

The cadastral system provides land ownership information by registering and representing land boundaries on a map. The current cadastral system in Korea, however, focuses mainly on the management of 2D land-surface boundaries. It is not yet possible to provide efficient or reliable land administration, as this 2D system cannot support or manage land information on 3D properties (including archi...