Connectivity, power consuming and fault tolerance are three critical issues in sensor networks. In this paper, sensor networks are modeled by the unit disc graph, random point process and Bernoulli nodes. A sensor network is composed of identical nodes randomly located on an unit area disc with uniform distribution. Each node is associated with probability ( ) to be active and with probability ...

In this paper, we discuss the design and testing of an underwater acoustic ad hoc network using OPNET Modeler/Radio. The network is intended for the long-term monitoring of a selected ocean area. The data flow of the network is mainly towards a master node, which is responsible for collecting data generated by sensor nodes. When the network is first deployed, an initialization algorithm is exec...

one of the main challenges in wireless sensor network is energy problem and life cycle of nodes in networks. several methods can be used for increasing life cycle of nodes. one of these methods is load balancing in nodes while transmitting data from source to destination. directed diffusion algorithm is one of declared methods in wireless sensor networks which is data-oriented algorithm. direct...

Time synchronization plays a critical role in distributed network systems. In this paper, we investigate the time synchronization problem in the context of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). A synchronization algorithm for UWSNs must consider additional factors such as long propagation delays from the use of acoustic communication and sensor node mobility. These unique challenges make the accu...

Abstract The Xiangshan Internet of Underwater Things was successfully deployed in September 2022, which is the first multi-node constant current cabled observatory network China. Instead being a real scientific IOT, main motivation this to verify energy conversion technologies applied Things, including multi-module-stack architecture electrical system, digital branch unit, and fast deployable i...

With the development of autonomous unmanned intelligent systems, such as the unmanned boats, unmanned planes and autonomous underwater vehicles, studies on Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (WSANs) have attracted more attention. Network connectivity algorithms play an important role in data exchange, collaborative detection and information fusion. Due to the harsh application environment, abnormal...

This paper provides a description of a novel network layer protocol for underwater acoustic networking (UAN) that provides a mechanism for network control and management enabling the implementation of responsive, self-configuring, adaptable, and scalable networks whose performance are predictable. The protocol draws from the demonstrated efficiencies of multi-protocol labeled switching, dynamic...

Localization is one of most important technologies in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) since it plays a critical role in many applications. The variable speed of sound and the long propagation delays under water in addition to bandwidth limitations all pose a unique set of challenges for localization in UWSN. Localization algorithms are divided under two subcategories: range-based an...

The exponential rise in wireless communication demands and allied applications have revitalized academia-industries to develop more efficient routing protocols. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) being battery operated network, it often undergoes node death-causing pre-ma...