One of the assumptions Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics is that crack faces are traction-free or, at most, loaded by bounded tractions. The standard Irwin’s closure integral, widely used for computation Energy Release Rate, also relies upon this assumption. However, there practical situations where load acting on boundaries singular. This case, instance, in hydraulic fracturing, fluid inside e...

Bryant traction is a commonly used method for femoral shaft fractures in children, but many disadvantages have been reported. Pavlik harness with exact clinical effect and fewer complications has gained increasing popularity in resent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare modified Pavlik harness with Bryant traction for infant with a femoral shaft fracture. A retrospect...

A second-kind integral equation for the tractions on a rigid body moving in a Stokesian fluid is established using the Lorentz reciprocal theorem and an integral equation for a double-layer density. A second-order collocation method based on the trapezoidal rule is applied to the integral equation after appropriate singularity reduction. For translating prolate spheroids with various aspect rat...

A solution is given for the thermal stresses due to a penny-shaped crack at the interface between dissimilar materials loaded in tension for the case where the heat flux is into the material with higher distortivity. Regions of separation and perfect thermal contact are developed at the crack faces. A harmonic potential function representation is used to reduce the problem to a three-part bound...

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exert low-traction forces on their niche in vitro whereas specification to definitive endoderm in vivo coincides with force-mediated motility, suggesting a differentiation-mediated switch. However, the onset of contractility and extent to which force-mediated integrin signaling regulates fate choices is not understood. To address the requirement of tracti...

The tractions that cells exert on a gel substrate from the observed displacements is an increasingly attractive and valuable information in biomedical experiments. The computation of these tractions requires in general the solution of an inverse problem. Here, we resort to the discretisation with finite elements of the associated direct variational formulation, and solve the inverse analysis us...

Native cell-material interactions occur on materials differing in their structural composition, chemistry, and physical compliance. While the last two decades have shown the importance of traction forces during cell-material interactions, they have been almost exclusively presented on purely elastic in vitro materials. Yet, most bodily tissue materials exhibit some level of viscoelasticity, whi...

An elasticity solution is obtained for a sandwich beam with a functionally graded core subjected to transverse loads. The sandwich is subdivided into four elements, the top and bottom face-sheets, and top and bottom halves of the sandwich core. Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is used to model the face-sheets and plane elasticity equations are used to analyze the core. The Young’s modulus of the cor...

[1] The plate motion of India changed dramatically between 50 and 35 Ma, with the rate of convergence between India and Asia dropping from 15 to 4 cm/yr. This change is coincident with the onset of the India-Asia collision, and with a rearrangement of plate boundaries in the Indian Ocean. On the basis of a simple model for the forces exerted upon the edges of the plate and the tractions on the ...

The focal adhesion protein vinculin connects the actin cytoskeleton, through talin and integrins, with the extracellular matrix. Vinculin consists of a globular head and tail domain, which undergo conformational changes from a closed auto-inhibited conformation in the cytoplasm to an open conformation in focal adhesions. Src-mediated phosphorylation has been suggested to regulate this conformat...