Skeletal muscle is one of the most sensitive tissues to mechanical loading, and unloading inhibits the regeneration potential of skeletal muscle after injury. This study was designed to elucidate the specific effects of unloading stress on the function of immunocytes during muscle regeneration after injury. We examined immunocyte infiltration and muscle regeneration in cardiotoxin (CTX)-injecte...

Phloem unloading plays a pivotal role in photoassimilate partitioning and the accumulation of sugars in sink organs, e.g. fruit. Here, we investigated the pathway of sucrose unloading in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciasa cv. Qinmei) using a combination of electron microscopy, transport of the phloem-mobile symplastic tracer carboxyfluorescein and enzyme activity and gene expression assays. Our str...

We present a new paradigm for the driving of storms and substorms. Using a model that tracks the major energy components of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, we demonstrate that both storms and substorms can be obtained from the same dynamical system for di erent levels of forcing. To say that storms are made up of substorms would be incorrect. Instead we see that periodic substorms result f...

Skeletal muscle atrophy is commonly associated with immobilization, ageing, and catabolic diseases such as diabetes and cancer cachexia. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression resulting from chromatin remodeling through histone acetylation has been implicated in muscle disuse. The present work was designed to test the hypothesis that treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase ...

background: sterilization techniques could affect the characteristics of orthodontic wires. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of steam and dry heat sterilization techniques on load-defl ection behavior of fi ve types of β-titanium alloy wires. materials and methods: the samples consisted of 30 straight lengths of fi ve types of β-titanium alloy wires: titanium molybdenum a...

Adhesion was measured repeatedly between opposed molecularly thin layers of perfluoropoly(alkyl ether)s on mica, with particular attention to the dependence of the adhesion on chain-end functionality and chain length of the polymer. The polymer layers were kept in contact for specified times that differed by 4 orders of magnitude (0.01-500 s) and then unloaded (separated) at rates that varied b...

AIMS Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) is critical for contraction in cardiomyocytes. The transverse (t)-tubule system guarantees the proximity of the triggers for Ca(2+) release [L-type Ca(2+) channel, dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs)] and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release channels [ryanodine receptors (RyRs)]. Transverse tubule disruption occurs early in heart failure (HF). Clinic...

Soybean unloading in the harbor of Barcelona, Spain, has been associated with large increases in the numbers of asthma patients treated in emergency departments between 1981 and 1987. In this study, the association between asthma and soybean unloading in two other Spanish cities, Valencia and A Coruña, was assessed. Asthma admissions were retrospectively identified for the period 1993-1995, and...