The notion of $f$-derivations of UP-algebras is introduced, some useful examples are discussed, and related properties are investigated. Moreover, we show that the fixed set and the kernel of $f$-derivations are UP-subalgebras of UP-algebras,and also give examples to show that the two sets are not UP-ideals of UP-algebras in general.

This case study considers the substantial reforms to the South African public expenditure management system undertaken since the mid-1990s. The key aspects of the reform process have been: establishing the institutional framework for budget reforms through the “new” Constitution and further national legislation and practice; adopting a multi-year budget framework and top-down budget process; de...

Computer-assisted reconstruction of no-longer existent (architectural) objects and their surroundings amounts to a “virtual comeback”. Irreversible destruction having removed identity-establishing buildings from the urban surface forever is the principal reason for re-creating them by imagination. Following the destruction during the so-called “Reichskristall-Night” of November 1938, the synago...