The positive relationships between urban green space and health have been well documented. Little is known, however, about the role of residents' emotional attachment to local green spaces in these relationships, and how attachment to green spaces and health may be promoted by the availability of accessible and usable green spaces. The present research aimed to examine the links between self-re...

‘Green’ spaces might be very attractive, but where are the economic benefits? What value do nature and landscape have for us? What difference will it make to jobs, health and the economic strength of areas struggling with deprivation and social problems? [1].There is a need to consider green spaces from a different perspective. Green planning is not just about flora and fauna, but also about pl...

Urban green space is one of the important solicitude for urban planners and designers due to their effects on quality of life. This research used HPM model to estimate economic value of urban green space, in a case study of trees in Velenjak residential place, Tehran Metropolitan Area in Iran. View determined the spread tree on the public spaces and neighbourhoods improve residential lan...

intra-city natural structures have always had a key role in creating sustainable urban greenspaces. adapting to natural features and relating the intra-city greenspaces to such natural structures as river-valleys, hillsides, lakes and forests, guarantee the endurance, sustainability and longevity of the natural quality of city. this paper looks at intra-city natural structures which have underg...

during a very long period of time, civil engineers have been the only ones to be designated as the experts for underground space, while the planners and architects were the ones of the development at the surface. cities worldwide tend to overlook an invaluable asset that lies beneath their surfaces. most cities and urban regions are unaware of the benefits underground space use has to offer, bo...

Density is a critical typology in determining sustainable urban built-form patterns. Built-formrefers to the assemblage and arrangement of the building masses in a city reflecting the spatial layout of spaces.The relationship between density and urban character is also based on at certain densities (thresholds). In a widersense, sustainable cities are a matter of density. Recent debates about t...

land use planning, refers to how to use, distribute and protect the land. this type of planning can be considered from different perspectives, such as sustainable development perspective view is one of important land use views. in this paper we have tried to study and evaluate the land use change of maragheh city from sustainable development perspective, and study the harmony or disharmony with...

Human convalescent whooping cough serum and whole blood injected intramuscularly have been tried and reported on favourably in whooping cough cases as a curative and prophylactic measure. Some workers claim good results from treatment with injection of maternal whole blood. The writer tried this latter method of treatment in a series of 76 cases, out of which 3 discontinued treatment and one di...