Background: Childhood masturbation (CM) is considered a variant of normal sexual behavior; however, it is commonly misdiagnosed as epilepsy and movement disorders. As the first study from Iran, we analyzed a large population of infants and children with CM in a case-control study and evaluated the value of mucus in urine analysis as an alternative diagnostic tool for CM.Methods: A total of 623 ...

Importance Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder associated with the accumulation of infectious abnormal prion protein through a mechanism of templated misfolding. A recent report has described the detection of abnormal prion protein in the urine of patients with variant CJD (vCJD) using protein misfolding by cyclic amplification, which was apparently absent in t...

Screening of urine specimens from men for Chlamydia trachomatis infection by a commercial PCR assay (AMPLICOR C. trachomatis Test; Roche Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Branchburg, N.J.) is a sensitive and specific noninvasive diagnostic assay. Since screening of women for C. trachomatis infection with the AMPLICOR C. trachomatis Test has been limited to use with endocervical swab specimens, we condu...

BACKGROUND The urine dipstick is widely used as an initial screening tool for the evaluation of proteinuria; however, its diagnostic accuracy has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, we evaluated its diagnostic accuracy using spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and total protein/creatinine ratio (PCR) in proteinuria. METHODS Using PCR ≥0.2 g/g or ≥0.5 g/g and ACR ≥300 mg/g or...

The standard Bentiromide test and a new modified test using p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) as a pharmacokinetic marker for p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) have been evaluated in the detection of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in children. The conventional two day test using a colorimetric assay for urinary PABA discriminated poorly between five children with pancreatic insufficiency and 13 others wi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common pathogen in respiratory tract infections which is usually underestimated with conventional tests, largely due to the fragility of the bacteria. This study assessed the diagnostic value of a rapid test (Binax NOW) for the detection of the pneumococcal antigen in urine. METHODS Unconcentrated urine samples from 1243 adults and 91 child...

To assess the reproducibility of the test for detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediment as it might be used in a diagnostic laboratory for classification of urinary tract infections, multiple urine specimens from 83 patients were tested. The results were reproducible and consistent, or if inconsistent potentially explainable, in all but four patients. The explanation for inconsist...

BACKGROUND Up to one third of HIV-infected individuals with suspected TB are sputum-scarce. The Alere Determine™ TB LAM Ag lateral flow strip test can be used to diagnose TB in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression. However, how urine LAM testing should be incorporated into testing algorithms and in the context of specific patient sub-groups remains unclear. METHODS This study...

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with a high recurrence rate. Early detection of bladder cancer is essential in order to remove the tumor, to preserve the organ and to avoid metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyze the differential expression of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs (sense and antisense) in cells isolated from voided urine of patients ...

conclusions with regard to the ease of urine sample preparation and the 100% specificity the pcr method, performing urine pcr could be used as a diagnostic aid in ptb cases obtaining sputum samples is problematic. results results of the current study indicated that 48 (62.3%) patients out of 77 had a positive sputum culture. urine cultures and acid-fast smears were negative. urine pcr-tb was po...