Information processing in neural networks depends on the connectivity among excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The presence of parallel, distinctly controlled local circuits within a cortical network may ensure an effective and dynamic regulation of microcircuit function. By applying a combination of optogenetics, electrophysiological recordings, and high resolution microscopic techniques, we u...

from the bile duct A 63-year-old man, with a body mass index of 32kg/m2, was admitted with obstructive jaundice due to cholecysto-choledocholithiasis. He was febrile and had had subcostal pain for at least 3 weeks. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) confirmed the presence of stones in the common bile duct (CBD). Papillotomy was carried out and stone retrieval commenced with a...

INTRODUCTION To describe the urologic outcomes of contemporary adult spina bifida patients managed in a multidisciplinary clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients seen in our adult spina bifida clinic from January 2004 to November 2011 was performed to identify urologic management, urologic surgeries, and co-morbidities. RESULTS 225 patients were identified (57....

OBJECTIVE We investigated the prevalence of congenital renal and urologic anomalies in children with congenital hypothyroidism to determine whether further renal and urologic investigations would be of benefit. STUDY DESIGN Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism was obtained from the New York State Congenital Malformation Registry. The occurrence of urinary tract anomalies were calculated fo...

complementary & alternative medicine for prostate and complementary alternative medicine for prostate and prevalence of complementary medicine in urologic practice bph/luts: heart 2 healthy = prostate healthy integrative urology: a spectrum of complementary and review article pomegranate extracts in the management of research complementary and alternative therapies for alternative medicine for ...

PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and management status of urologic disease in geriatric hospitals in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted population-based analyzed using cohort established by the National Health Insurance Service of Korea, which contains the medical insurance data of 1 million people from 2002 to 2013. The prevalence, prescription rate, and complica...