this study was aimed to investigate the use of panoramic radiography in patients with low bone mineral density (bmd) in order to diagnose and prevent osteoporotic fractures. panoramic radiographs of 60 patients  (20 men and 40 women) aged from 40 to 70 years with cortical thicknesses of less than 3 mm in the mandibular angle were selected from patients referred to a dentomaxillofacial radiology...

regardless of the clinical setting, a good back-up represents one of the most important conditions to ensure guide wire and balloon advancement and stent delivery. as a “mother and child” system, the guideliner catheter (vascular solutions inc., minneapolis, mn, usa) provides an extension to the guide catheter with better coaxial alignment and stability. we report two didactic cases showing the...