Labial synechiae, also referred to as labial adhesion or labial agglutination, is a disorder of the female genitalia characterized by thin, membranous adherence of the labia minora. Typically, the fusion originates from the posterior fourchette and advances toward the clitoris. Complete labial fusion may conceal the vaginal introitus completely. Partial labial fusion is also possible and may oc...

PURPOSE An easily recognized clinical marker for early changes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) or eyes predisposed to angle closure is important so that timely laser iridotomy can prevent morbidity. Pupillary ruff changes, specifically appearance of entropion uveae (EU), are frequent in eyes with PACG. METHODS Pupillary ruff was examined under magnification and EU, if present, was gr...

Subconjunctival mydricaine injections are used in routine practice in patients with uveitis to prevent the formation of permanent posterior synechiae. Mydricaine No 2 (Moorfields Eye Hospital formulation) contains a combination of 6 mg procaine hydrochloride, 1 mg atropine sulphate and 0.12 ml epinephrine solution (1 in 1000). As it is normally injected subconjunctivally, this may prove difficu...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has become the widely accepted procedure for the treatment of medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Nasal packing is usually placed after ESS to prevent synechia formation and postoperative bleeding and to support wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different nasal packing materials [Vaseline...

background: although esthetic rhinoplasty has many advantages, it might lead to some complications as well. the literature includes scarce and severely controversial studies on these complications, and there is no research on complications of cosmetic closed rhinoplasty. in addition, some complications are not assessed after any rhinoplasty types. besides, there is no investigation on the outco...

background: mullerian adenosarcoma, a rare tumor, is composed of mixed mesenchymal and epithelial elements. the epithelial component is typically benign and admixed with malignant sarcomatous stroma. this tumor can be distinguished in approximately 8% of all uterus sarcomas and commonly originates in the endometrium as a growing polypoid mass in the uterine cavity. all age groups are affected b...

Synechiae involving the iris pigment epithelium and the peripheral anterior lens capsule occur in capsular glaucoma. During cataract extraction they may bring about traction on the capsule threatening its rupture. The ultrastructural basis of these adhesions is a bonding of pigment cells to capsular surface by pseudoexfoliative material.

Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) have been recognized as a cause of secondary amenorrhea since the end of the 19th century [1], and in the mid-20th century, Asherman further described the eponymous condition occurring after pregnancy [2]. The terms ‘‘Asherman syndrome’’ and IUAs are often used interchangeably, although the syndrome requires the constellation of signs and symptoms (in this case, pa...

Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive a desired pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse, and affects 10 percent of married couples. The causes of infertility can involve one or both partners. Causes of female infertility: • Fallopian tube factors (damage or blockage due to salpingitis, EP) • Ovulation disorders (PCOS ,Early menopause ) • Uterine factors • Intrauterine l...