this research, applied as a survey approach aimed at investigating farmers’ tendency and attitudes toward agricultural water management styles (wmss). therefore, using cochran’s formula and simple random sampling, 244 farmers were selected in doroudzan region, iran. the data were acquired by face-to-face structural interviews and as well through a questionnaire that consisted of closed and open...

There are two moral ethical dichotomies in healthcare: consequentialism versus deontology and individualism versus collectivism. When the physician is faced with the dilemma of deciding between one versus many, he often has to resort to the principle of promoting the greatest good for the greatest number, or the principle of maximizing utility. Utilitarianianism is the creed which accepts as th...

How should health services best be allocated between citizens in different health conditions and with different socio-economic characteristics? This note contrasts answers to this question based upon a utilitarian conception of the value of healthcare with those derivable from broader pluralist conceptions of value. It seeks to show that only the latter can do justice to our considered intuitio...

The utilitarian aggregation rule requires social utility and beliefs to be a convex combination of individual utilities beliefs, respectively. Since, in the case belief heterogeneity, standard Pareto condition is incompatible with such separate aggregation, new condition, called belief-proof proposed alleviate occurrences spurious agreement by restricting unanimity that can considered reasonabl...

Problem, research strategy, and findings Although the physical health benefits of utilitarian bicycling are well documented, there is little empirical evidence to demonstrate mental benefits. We investigated a) association between behavior wellbeing b) role built environment in promoting improving wellbeing. used data from a large, representative survey (N = 30,105) conducted Victoria (Australi...

Attitude to morality, reflecting cultural norms and values, is considered unique to human social behavior. Resulting moral behavior in a social environment is controlled by a widespread neural network including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which plays an important role in decision making. In the present study we investigate the influence of neurophysiological modulation of DLPFC ...