A process-based model integrating the effects of UV-B radiation through epidermis, cellular DNA, and its consequences to the leaf expansion was developed from key parameters in the published literature. Enhanced UV-B radiation-induced DNA damage significantly delayed cell division, resulting in significant reductions in leaf growth and development. Ambient UV-B radiation-induced DNA damage sign...

Stratospheric ozone depletion is expected to elevate the influx of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) to the biosphere. Increased levels of UV-B may, in turn, alter important ecosystem processes such as decomposition. Previous studies have shown that growth under elevated UV-B can alter leaf quality in angiosperm species and thereby indirectly change subsequent rates of leaf decay. In this experime...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of SA on UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C stressed plants. Data showed that SA counteracted the UV harmful effects on pepper. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings sprayed with salicylic acid (SA) and treated with UV-A (320-390 nm), UV-B (312 nm), and UV-C (254 nm) of 6.1, 5.8, and 5.7 W m-2, respectively. UV significantly increased contents of as...

UV-B radiation (UV-B: 280-320 nm) can cause a wide range of responses in plant cells. These responses depend on the perception of the UV-B radiation, signal transduction mechanisms and modification of gene expression. Studies over the last ten years have revealed a complex molecular response of plant cells to UV-B radiation. Specific changes in gene activity take place and a number of signal tr...

Quantitative changes in foliar chemistry in response to UV-B radiation are frequently reported but less is known about the qualitative changes in putative UV-screening compounds. It has also not been conclusively shown whether qualitative differences in screening compounds or differences in localization patterns influence the sensitivity of plants to damage from UV-B radiation and there is some...

Complex changes to UV radiation at the Earth's surface are occurring concurrently with ocean warming. Despite few empirical tests, jellyfish are hypothesised to be increasing in some parts of the world because they are robust to environmental stressors. Here we examine the effects of UV-B and ocean warming projections on zooxanthellate jellyfish polyps. We exposed Cassiopea sp. polyps to three ...

Ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B, 290-315 nm) can cause damage and induce photomorphogenic responses in plants. The mechanisms that mediate the photomorphogenic effects of UV-B are unclear. In etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, a daily exposure to 2.5 h of UV-B enhanced the cotyledon opening response induced by a subsequent red light (R) pulse. An R pulse alone, 2.5 h of UV-B terminated with a far-r...

This paper provides an overview of existing literature on the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation effects on field crops. Earlier reviews on field crop responses to UV-B considered few physiological processes or crops. For this review, we easily located about 129 studies on 35 crop species published since 1975. Here, we report the effects of UV-B radiation on visual symptoms, leaf ultrastructure and...

The UV-B inducible ARIADNE12 (ARI12) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is a member of the RING-between-RING (RBR) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases for which a novel ubiquitination mechanism was identified in mammalian homologs. This RING-HECT hybrid mechanism needs a conserved cysteine which is replaced by serine in ARI12 and might affect the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We have shown that under phot...

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation present in sunlight is an important trigger of photomorphogenic acclimation and stress responses in sessile land plants. Although numerous moss species grow in unshaded habitats, our understanding of their UV-B responses is very limited. The genome of the model moss Physcomitrella patens, which grows in sun-exposed open areas, encodes signaling and metabolic compo...