BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A sharply contoured cryolipolysis vacuum applicator was developed to improve fit and tissue draw in the abdomen and flanks to better accommodate a range of body types and a variety of treatment sites. This study was carried out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the new applicator for treatment of flank fat ("love handles"). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A c...

After the successful accomplishment of vacuum commissioning assisted by vacuum vessel baking and glow discharge cleaning, KSTAR had shifted to the cool-down phase in April 2, 2008 and completed cooling of all superconducting coils and structures down to the operation temperature of 4.5K for about a month by the helium refrigerator system with 9KW cooling capacity. For the next a month, all supe...

R-134a sprays have been widely used as a method to protect the epidermis during laser therapies of hyper-vascular lesions, such as port wine stains, due to their high heat flux and precise control of cooling duration. Recent studies have shown that the use of vacuum cups during laser treatment can physically dilate the vasculature of interest and improve therapeutic outcome. However, the effect...

There are several process variables which are crucial to the control of vacuum arc remelting of segregation sensitive alloys. These are: electrode gap, melt rate, cooling rate, furnace annulus, furnace atmosphere and electrode quality (i.e. cleanliness and integrity). Of these variables, active, closed loop control is usually applied only to electrode gap. Other variables are controlled by cont...

The Levitated Dipole Experiment (LDX) was developed to study plasma confinement in a dipole magnetic field. Plasma is confined in the magnetic field of a 680-kg Nb3Sn Floating Coil (F-coil) that is electromagnetically supported at the center of a 5-m diameter by 3-m tall vacuum chamber. The Levitation Coil (L-coil) is a 2800-turn, double pancake winding that supports the weight of the F-coil an...

Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic vacuum produce measurable physical effects such as Casimir forces and the Lamb shift [1]. Similarly, these fluctuations also impose an observable quantum limit to the lowest temperatures that can be reached with conventional laser cooling techniques [2, 3]. As laser cooling experiments continue to bring massive mechanical systems to unprecedented temp...

The numerical approach to resolving the features of QCD is occasionally criticized via statements suggesting the knowledge of QCD lies “in the silicon.” What these speakers are recognizing is that there are massive amounts of data processed by today’s supercomputers in arriving at the final few bytes of information reported as QCD observables. The focus of this investigation is to further probe...

We investigate the topological structure of the vacuum in SU(3) lattice gauge theory. We use under-relaxed cooling to remove the high-frequency fluctuations and a variety of “filters” to identify the topological charges in the resulting smoothened field configurations. We find a densely packed vacuum with an average instanton size, in the continuum limit, of ρ̄ ∼ 0.5 fm. The density at large ρ d...