Several methods have been reported in the literature for the synthesis of silicon nanowires (SiNW) [1,2]. Among these, the most widely used has been chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [3, 4]. Gold has been generally used in this process because the Au-Si system has a low eutectic temperature and with a silicon–rich eutectic composition. As a consequence, the synthesis process can take place at tem...

Separation and structural characterization of lignin are essential for valueadded utilization of hemicelluloses and lignin in the prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of a kraft-based Whangee (a genus of bamboo) dissolving pulp production. In this work, lignin in the PHL was separated by acidification treatment (AT) and rotary vacuum evaporation treatment (RVET), and the separated crude lignin was then c...

The long time behavior of an evaporating black hole presents a challenge to theoretical physics and touches relevant conceptual issues of quantum gravity, such as the information paradox. There are basically two strategies: top-down, i.e., to construct first a full quantum theory of gravity and to discuss black hole evaporation as a particular application thereof, and bottom-up, i.e., to sidest...

Porous medium vacuum drying is a complicated heat and mass transfer process. Based on the theory of heat and mass transfer, a coupled model for the porous medium vacuum drying process is constructed. The model is implemented and solved using COMSOL software. The water evaporation rate is determined using a nonequilibrium method with the rate constant parameter Kr. Kr values of 1, 10, 1000, and ...

The processes of concentration liquid food, especially fruit juices, are complex that can cause changes in physical, biochemical, and sensory properties. main objectives juice to increase the product's shelf life biochemical microbiological stability reduce volume, which leads lower transport storage costs. Processes using heat for conservation continue be most used by food industry. However, t...