Cultivation-independent analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences in vaginal samples revealed two previously unrecognized, uncultivated Megasphaera-like phylotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and environmental distribution suggest that these Megasphaera types may be unique to the vaginal environment. Quantitative PCR suggests that both phylotypes are present in higher concentrations in women with bacteria...

Sex differences in gut microbiota are acknowledged, and evidence suggests that gut microbiota may have a role in higher incidence and/or severity of autoimmune diseases in females. Additionally, it has been suggested that oral, vaginal, and gut microbiota composition can be regulated by estrogen levels. The association of vaginal microbiota with vulvovaginal atrophy at menopause is well describ...

Background C. trachomatis is one of the most important agents of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Untreated cases of vaginal infection with this bacterium may end up with infertility, scaring and ectopic pregnancy. In most cases infection with C. trachomatis is silent (70-80%) but when overt infection occurs the symptoms include: cervicitis, urethritis, and endometritis. Since prevalence of...

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) are the most common vaginal infections that cause discharge in women. An imbalance of normal microbiota can make it easier for vagina to become infected with bacteria fungi. The recurrence rate both diseases is 40–60%. Therefore, alternative therapies needed prevent these two diseases. Probiotics believed be able maintain a balance vag...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity rates in women with different types of significant heart diseases. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary heart care centre in Tabriz, Iran, and comprised 200 pregnant women between March 2007 and March 2012 who had different cardiac diseases and were admitted in labour wards first and then transferred ...

“What is bacterial vaginosis, anyway? Why can’t we treat it very well? What does a biofilm have to do with it? I thought those were involved in prosthetic device infections! Isn’t there an animal model for this condition that can help us answer these questions, whose importance I personally doubt, as there is for any respectable disease?” In this issue of the Journal, Hymes and colleagues prese...

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), previously known as venereal diseases (VD), were present among the populations of antiquity as well as during the Middle Ages. Clay tablets from Mesopotamia, Egyptian papyri, along with mythology, paintings of erotic scenes, and presence of prostitutes give sufficient information to assume that some form of urethral and vaginal discharge, and also herpes ge...

The vagina is one organ of the body which has not been studied exhaustively. Moreover, most of the studies found in the contemporary literature have been performed on women affected by a variety of genital diseases. In the present study the vaginal epithelium was examined with a histological method, morphometry, whereby cyclical changes related to hormonal variation during the menstrual cycle w...

Vaginal infections are highly spread among the female population and they impact woman’s organism, fetal development child health. They remain an important medical social problem, so optimizing treatment is very important. The article a review of modern domestic foreign publications about etiological factors, pathogenesis, local pharmacotherapy nonspecific candidiasis vaginitis bacterial vagino...