Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN; pneumococcus) accounts for 50% of bacterial meningitis in humans. This often devastating infection car­ ries a 30% mortality rate, and up to half of survivors experience neurological sequelae reflecting a wide spectrum of brain injuries, including cortical neuronal necrosis and hippo­ campal neuronal apoptosis (Koedel et al., 2002; van de Beek et al., 2004; Weisfe...

Hymenolepis nana is a common parasite of rodents as well as human intestine. This parasite has beenreported from all over the world, including Iran. The infection rate has been reported up to 40% in someareas. The infection has various clinical manifestations. The parasite could establish severe hyperinfection inpatients with immune deficiency. Regarding the rodents as hosts of the parasite, th...

Background: Although many experimental studies provide convincing evidence that type II immunity is protective against helminths, recent data in mice demonstrate that Th1 is also impor-tant in some cestodes like Hymenolepis nana. Objective: To identify the role of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in immunity against H. nana, the levels of IL-12, IFNγ, IL-5, and IL-13 were de-termined in serum of humans ...

Ten species of Hyla with 2n = 30 from Brazilian fauna were analysed cytogenetically. Hyla minuta is the unique presenting all bi-armed metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes in the karyotype, therefore, with the highest FN = 60. The remaining species have a variable number of uni-armed telocentric or subtelocentric chromosomes: H. cruzi, H. elianeae, and H. rubicundula with three pairs (FN =...

Manganese-induced early biochemical changes and effects of supplementation of magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) and antioxidant vitamins (A, C, D and E) were studied in rats intoxicated with manganese. Significant elevation in the level of chlorides in plasma, erythrocytes, liver and cerebellum, and a decrease in plasma inorganic phosphate (pi) with an increase in liver pi were observed in animals e...

Phylogenetic relationships among Chinese species of Morella (Myricaceae) are unresolved. Here, we use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to identify candidate loci that will help in determining phylogenetic relationships among Morella rubra, M. adenophora, M. nana and M. esculenta. Three methods for inferring phylogeny, maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayes...

Abstract-An examination was made of the effect of changes in the osmolarity and the ionic composition of the homogenizing medium on the partition of lysosomal arylsulphatase and N-acetylglucosaminidase of cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and thalamus of the rat. Sulphatase appeared to be more sensitive to hypotonicity than glucosaminidase, since a higher proportion of the sulphatase was released f...

Intestinal parasite infections are major public health problems of children in developing countries causing undernutrition, anemia, intestinal obstruction and mental and physical growth retardation. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections among children under five years of age with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia...