Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation of 532 nm radiation in 25 degrees -rotated, x-cut, near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate has been performed. Using a face-normal topology for frequency conversion applications allows scalable surface area to avoid surface and volume damage in high-power interactions. First-order, quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation was achieved using nea...

In this work, a more accurate prediction of liquid evaporation flux has been achieved. The statistical rate theory approach, which is recently introduced by Ward and Fang and exact estimation of vapor pressure in the layer adjacent to the liquid–vapor interface have  been used for prediction of this flux. Firstly, the existence of an equilibrium layer adjacent to the liquid-vapor interface ...

In steam power plant, the working medium used for energy transformation is water vapor. The generation process of vapor has experienced three stages: pre-heat, vaporization and superheat stage. There are five states in process. They sub-cooled liquid, saturated water, liquid-vapour mixture, superheated thermodynamic properties each state usually obtained by using tables charts. constant pressur...

Plasmonic nanobubbles (PNBs) are transient vapor nanobubbles generated in liquid around laser-overheated plasmonic nanoparticles. Unlike plasmonic nanoparticles, PNBs' properties are still largely unknown due to their highly nonstationary nature. Here we show the influence of the duration of the optical excitation on the energy efficacy and threshold of PNB generation. The combination of picose...

The variation of moisture during sewage sludge bio-drying was investigated. In situ measurements were conducted to monitor the bulk moisture and water vapor, while the moisture content, water generation, water evaporation and aeration water input of the bio-drying bulk were calculated based on the water mass balance. The moisture in the sewage sludge bio-drying material decreased from 66% to 54...

Constriction of the pupils (miosis) is often identified as the first noticeable sign of exposure to vapor nerve agents. We have previously identified that in minipigs there is a 30-40 fold difference in vapor dosages of sarin (GB) that elicit miosis vs. those vapor dosages that are potentially lethal. The ratio for miotic vs. lethal vapor dosages ranges from 100-135 fold when cyclo-sarin (GF) i...

The adsorption of piperidine vapor on the hydrated alumina (alpha-Al2O3, corundum) (0001) surface was investigated using vibrational broad bandwidth and scanning sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The interfacial vibrational signature in the C-H stretching region of piperidine at the alumina (0001) surface is shown to be a sensitive spectroscopic probe revealing the adsorption mechani...